1) (True / False) 18th century ideas of “wildness” equated wilderness with savag

Q: 1) (True / False) 18th century ideas of “wildness” equated wilderness with savag

1. True yes question itself explains it 5. True yes that was the main motto of it in 1964 where some areas should be left as it is for conservation of life 6. Environmental Geography can be taken as study of the impact of non-native species of plants and animals on the eco-systems that they now occupy. 12. True yes there were the two laws that had an great impact over future and also the way in which we have to deal with resources

ID: 114652 • Letter: 1

Question

(True / False) 18th century ideas of “wildness” equated wilderness with savage, barren and desolate places beyond the edge of human civilization.

True

False

(True / False) Like the Ionian philosophers before them, Hippocrates and his followers sought to secularize and naturalize understanding of why events happen. In terms of the new medical science this meant trying to learn why the gods had made a person ill and what the nature of that illness is so that “doctors” can devise remedies.

True

False

(CHOOSE ONE OR MORE) Which of the following statements about scientific theories is true?

Scientific theories are constantly tested and re-tested to see whether they successfully account for all of the evidence.

The best scientific theories logically explain the relationship between variables.

Scientific hypotheses and theories can only be disproved – shown to be contradicted by observed evidence. They cannot be definitively proven correct.

The best scientific theories can be used to accurately predict future observations.

Scientific theories are logically derived and well-substantiated explanations of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of facts that have been confirmed repeatedly through observation and experiment.

(CHOOSE ONE OR MORE) Which of the following is a true statement about Ionian philosophy?

Empirical observation and logical reasoning are the basis of a way of studying and coming to know the world.

The goal of Ionian scientific philosophy was the search for and discovery of the rules that define the underlying order of the natural world.

Human beings are part of the natural order. Therefore, studying it and identifying its underlying laws is a way of learning about ourselves.

Humans possess the ability to learn and know the laws that order the natural world.

Natural events occur in ways that are predictable because the universe is ordered and rule-bound, not chaotic or subject to the whims of all-powerful gods.

5) (True / False) Although the “Wilderness Act of 1964” asserts that places designated as Wilderness Areas should remain in an “unspoiled, natural” state that is “untrammeled by humans”, federally designated Wilderness Areas in fact support extensive mining, ranching and timbering activities.

True

False

6) Environmental Geography (which is also known as Cultural Ecology) is

A pleasurable experience of recreation in natural settings

The study of the distribution of resources within a society and between different societies.

The study of the impact of non-native species of plants and animals on the eco-systems that they now occupy.

Awareness of something being so vast as to be beyond comparison.

A portion of the earth's surface that has not been changed by human action.

Natural Landscapes that have been modified by human action.

Knowledge of natural environments; knowledge of nature

The study of the relationship between people and the natural landscapes that they inhabit.

7) (True / False) The expression “Wilderness is waste” was originally coined by Yale forestry professor Gifford Pinchot, President Theodore Roosevelt’s chief environmental advisor. Roosevelt and Pinchot believed that the resource-rich lands of the American West should be protected from development. They wanted the most beautiful landscapes to be made be off-limits to mining and ranching. Rather, those place should be preserved in a pristine state for those wanting to experience natural beauty while hiking, camping, riding horseback, or sightseeing.

True

False

8 )

(True / False) In the “national myth of the frontier” – which, for a time, dominated popular perception of the American West – wilderness was seen as sacred and awesome, as vast landscapes that dwarfed humanity.

True

False

Heresy is

The actions of Satan in bringing about wrongdoing.

A way of knowing that seeks to disprove biblical teachings.

Knowledge acquired by direct experience as opposed to knowledge that is acquired by learning.

The experience of pleasure in natural settings and in relations with others

Awareness of something being so vast as to be beyond comparison. Heretics believed that they saw the face of god and perceived divine truth in the contemplation of vast, beautiful and unspoiled landscapes.

Dissent from official teachings (as, for example, claims that contradict statements in the Bible or by church leaders)

The introduction of non-native species of plants and animals into new eco-systems.

10)

(True/False) A major difference between field science and laboratory science is that the former is performed in "natural" settings under "normal" conditions while the latter consists of scientific experiments conducted under carefully controlled conditions in labs.

True

False

11)

Which of the following Greek terms for a kind of knowledge refers to "instrumental knowledge", that is to practical knowledge (“know how”) in the service of interacting with and manipulating the natural world?

Phronesis

Techne

Episteme

12)

(True / False) US laws like the Multiple-Use/Sustained Yield Act of 1960 and the Wilderness Act of 1964 are examples of how ideas shape a society’s relationship to the natural environment.

True

False

13)

(True / False) The terms "Traditional Ecological Knowledge," “folk culture” and “local knowledge” all refer to traditional forms of explanation that developed in particular places, under particular conditions, and that are passed directly from generation to generation through what is called cultural transmission (which is generally defined as through the spoken word, ritual, or art).