1.2) Why is basalt (the primary rock type produced by Hawaiian volcanoes) and ot

Question

1.2) Why is basalt (the primary rock type produced by Hawaiian volcanoes) and other mafic igneous rocks generally darker in color?

Select one:

a. The rock contains mostly high-silica (feldspar and quartz) minerals.

b. The rock contains many low silica (iron and magnesium-rich) minerals.

1.7) Which volcanic centers have explosive eruptions?

Select one:

b. lava domes

c. fissures at divergent zones

d. shield volcanos

e. A and B

f. All of the above

1.9)

Now, imagine that these fluids with varying viscosity are each carbonated (with CO2 gas like in sparkling water or cola).

Consider how each fluid’s viscosity would determine the rate at which bubbles of CO2 gas could rise to the surface of the fluid and be released into the environment.

After 24 hours of gaseous release via bubbles rising to the surface and popping, which fluid would still contain the least amount of dissolved CO2? (When CO2 escapes via bubbles, it is no longer dissolved!)

Select one:

a. a small pool of water

b. a small puddle of honey

1.10

Recap: Why does magma viscosity predict volcano explosivity?

Select one:

a. When magma migrates upwards towards the earth's surface, it feels less pressure (due to the decrease in overburden or material above it).

b. Viscous magma is more easily expelled from the vent.

c. Viscous magma traps dissolved gases that would otherwise boil out of the fluid.

d. When the gases boil, the vapor moves lava into the air as hot ash—in the same way that an aerosol spray can disperses a fluid (e.g., hairspray).

f. Answers C and D

1.14)

Identify the typical eruption products for Hawaiian volcanoes. Again, you can use that fabulous table in your text, if you start with some knowledge on volcano type or silica content.

Select one:

a. Lava that travels on and below the surface in tubes (an unusual and super dicey hazard!)

b. Ashfall, lahars, pyroclastic flows

c. Lapilli, Pele's tears, Pele's hair

e. Answers A and C

1.17)

When two converging plates meet, what physical property predicts which plate will subduct?

Select one:

a. the relative chemical composition of the two plates overall

b. the relative density of the two plates overall

c. the relative thickness of the two plates overall (Hint: continental lithosphere is almost always thicker by a factor of 2 or more than oceanic lithosphere, which is usually only 8 km thick!)

d. A and B

e. B and C

Composition Rhyolitc DaciticAndesitic Silica content | 70% Basaltic 60% 50% 1100-1200°C 500 poise 05% Less explosive Eruption temperature 7500-900° C 1000°C 3 x 104 poise 2.0% Viscosity (water = 0.01 poise) | 1 × 107 poise Gas content l 5.0% "Explosiveness" More explosive Lava domes Lava flows Volcanic products Pyroclastic deposits Shield volcanoes Cinder cones Volcano types Composite volcanoes Dome complexes ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Explanation / Answer

1.2 the basalt and other mafic rocks are dark because the silica minerals are low.

1.7 lava domes are having explosive eruptions. Sometimes shield volcanoes will also become explosive if they react with water.

1.10 answers C and d

1.9 a small puddle of honey.

1.14 and C

1.17 B and c

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