1. To help understand an organization culture, think about sahe of the organizat
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1. To help understand an organization culture, think about sahe of the organizations to which you belong (work social, etc, 2. Outline the four levels of Corporate Social Responsbility that companies can engage in? Provide documented examples of How would you describe it? How does it influence individual behavior or decision making? or each 3. Aside from environmental sustainability, what other sustainability goal might a business adopt as a strategic initiative? ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION When finished, make sure to click Submit. Optionally, click Save as Draft to save changes and continue working later, or click Cancel to quit without saving changes. Cancel Save h the web and WindowsExplanation / Answer
1. Corporate culture, and, decision making
Right / Right dilemmas
It is the people, and, not organizations that make decisions. This is done within the standards, and, norms of the organization. Ethical dilemmas relate to individual, and, collective decisions. Much of the attention is directed at right wrong ethical dilemmas. One denounces individuals engaging in organizational misconduct. In the right wrong dilemma, right is idolized, and, wrong is shunned. Ethical dilemmas center on right right rather than right wrong.
Dilemmas present situations in which we tend to accept the two options.
Example - Safety study suggests that a product is unsafe for public use; dilemma is that of truth vs loyalty to the organization
This is Kidder's theory exploring the personal dimension of ethical decision making. The stakes involved in organizational decision making are high. Products should be safe; should not have a negative effect on users; decisions need to be made on training, hiring, and, firing of employees. Should wealth be accumulated or distributed?
2. Corporate Social Responsibility
It is the impact of a firm's actions on society. The managers assess their actions considering these in terms of the social system; it holds a firm responsible for the effects of its acts on the ecological system. It emphasizes on accountability, and, obligation to the society.
CSR modified the economic model which is the invisible hand protecting the societal interest to include philanthropy, paternalism, and, community obligations. The main motivation was to keep the Government at an arms length. As per Bauer, CSR considers the firm's actions on society. As per Davis, and, Blomstrom decision makers act to protect, and, improve the welfare of the society along with their own self interests. CSR maintains legal & economic obligations, and, a firm's responsibilities to the society.
Example - Milton Hershey used philanthropy for CSR; he built schools & towns.
Corporate Social Responsibilities are
These are directed at business as a moral agent; and, the social contract of business.
Corporate Social Responsiveness
Evolving viewpoints on responsiveness are Sethi's three stage schema; Epstein's process view; Ackerman & Bauer's action view; Frederick's CSR1, CSR2, and, CSR3. It emphasizes on activity, and, action. Businesses interact with, and, manage their environments. It legitimizes business as an institution. For instance, organizations make information available to employees on health issues related to their time spent at work using equipment in manufacturing or even video display terminals. The firm can also transfer & retrain workers.
Corporate Social Performance
Caroll's corporate social performance integrates economic concerns into a social performance framework; extensions, and reformulations of this are Wood's reformulations; Wartrick & Cochran's extensions; and, Swanson's reorientation. It emphasizes on results, and, outcomes.
(Wartrick & Cochran's Corporate Social Performance Model Extensions)
Principles, Processes, and, Policies in this model's extensions are Corporate Social Responsibilities, Corporate Social Responsiveness, and, social issues management respectively. The orientations for these are philosophical, institutional, and, organizational orientation respectively.
Corporate social responsiveness is:
The processes are directed at managerial approaches to developing responses; the capacity to respond to changing societal conditions.
Social issues management include:
These are directed at
3. Corporate Citizenship & Sustainability
It embraces all facets of CSR, performance, and, responsiveness. Terms CSR, and, sustainability are used interchangeably at times. These are considered as processes of continual betterment. Sustainability encompasses social, environmental, and, economic issues addressed by work.
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