1. Describe the “Columbian Exchange”: what is it? What was exchanged? What were
ID: 110777 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Describe the “Columbian Exchange”: what is it? What was exchanged? What were its most important results?
2. Summarize the changes in colonial New England which seemed to indicate that it was abandoning its Puritan origins.
3. Discuss the different models of English colonies (3) and provide and example of each.
4. Look at and discuss the Presidency of John Adams (1797-1801). What were the main issues and events during his time in office? How successful a president was Adams?
5. Causes and results of the War of 1812. Make sure to include the Treaty of Ghent in your answer.
Short answer will do. Not more than two paragraph.(200 words)
Explanation / Answer
ANSWER:
1) The Columbian Exchange refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life.
Beginning after Columbus' discovery in 1492 the exchange lasted throughout the years of expansion and discovery. The Columbian Exchange impacted the social and cultural makeup of both sides of the Atlantic. Advancements in agricultural production, evolution of warfare, increased mortality rates and education are a few examples of the effect of the Columbian Exchange on both Europeans and Native Americans.
2) Problems and Changes- King James 2 appointed Sir Edmund Andros as the governor. Andros ruled strictly, banning town meetings (which local self-ruling liking puritans hated) and requiring public worship in the Church of England . He also challenged all land titles offering to provide new deeds for an annual fee.
Founding- Puritans came to MA to give example of pure town and to bc of how they were treated in England. VA founding was by joint-stock company and SWR and Elizabeth the 1 to make money.
3) There were 3 sorts of British colonies: royal, proprietary, and autonomous. every sort had its own characteristics.
Royal colonies were closely-held by the king.
Proprietary colonies, like Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware, were essentially land grants from a people government. people were awarded immense tracts of land that they might then supervise and govern, typically reciprocally for political or monetary favors. These colonial governors reportable on to the king.
Self-governing colonies, together with Rhode Island and Connecticut, shaped once the king granted a charter to a company, and also the company then started its own government freelance of the crown. The king may revoke the colonial charter at any time and convert a autonomous colony into a royal colony.
4) John Adams, a motivating political thinker, served because the second President of the us (1797-1801), once serving because the initial vp beneath President Washington.
When Adams became President, the war between the French and British was inflicting nice difficulties for the us on the high seas and intense tendency among competitive factions at intervals the state.
His administration centered on France, wherever the Directory, the ruling cluster, had refused to receive the yankenvoy and had suspended business relations.
Adams sent 3 commissioners to France, however within the spring of 1798 word arrived that the French secretary of state Charles Maurice de Talleyrand and also the Directory had refused to barter with them unless they'd initial pay a considerable bribe. Adams rumored the insult to Congress, and also the Senate written the correspondence, within which the Frenchmen were mentioned solely as "X, Y, and Z."
The Nation stone-broke out into what President referred to as "the X. Y. Z. fever," exaggerated in intensity by Adams's exhortations. The people cheered itself gruff where the President appeared. ne'er had the Federalists been therefore fashionable.
Congress confiscate cash to finish 3 new frigates and to create extra ships, and licensed the raising of a provisionary army. It conjointly passed the Alien and offense Acts, meant to frighten foreign agents out of the country and to stifle the attacks of Republican editors.
President Adams failed to necessitate a declaration of war, however hostilities began bewildered. At first, yankshipping was virtually defenseless against French privateers, however by 1800 armed merchantmen and U.S. warships were clearing the sea-lanes.
Despite many good armed service victories, war fever subsided. Word came to Adams that France conjointly had no abdomen for war associated would receive an envoy with respect. Long negotiations terminated the similar war.
Sending a peace mission to France brought the complete fury of the Hamiltonians against Adams. within the campaign of 1800 the Republicans were united and effective, the Federalists badly divided. nonetheless, Adams polled solelymany less electoral votes than President, UN agency became President.
On Allhallows, 1800, simply before the election, Adams arrived within the new Capital town to require up his residence within the White House. On his second evening in its damp, unfinished rooms, he wrote his partner, "Before I finish my letter, I pray Heaven to bestow the most effective of Blessings on this House and every one that shall hereafter inhabit it. might none however honest and wise Men ever rule beneath this roof."
Adams retired to his farm in Josiah Quincy. Here he enclosed his elaborate letters to United States President. Here on national holiday, 1826, he unvoiced his last words: "Thomas President survives." however President had died at Monticello many hours earlier.
5) In June 1812, the us declared war against nice Great Britain in reaction to 3 issues: land economic blockade of France, the impress of thousands of neutral yank seamen into land Royal Navy against their can, and therefore the British support of hostile Indian tribes on the good Lakes frontier. A faction of the U.S. Congress, created up principally of Western and Southern congressmen, had been advocating the declaration of war for many years. These War Hawks, as they were identified, hoped that war with Great Britain, that was preoccupied with its struggle against NapoleonicFrance, would end in U.S. territorial gains in North American country and British-protected Florida.
The yank conclusion on Lake Champlain LED to the conclusion of U.S.-British peace negotiations in Belgique, and on Gregorian calendar month twenty four, 1814, the pact of Gent was signed, ending the war. though the pact aforesaidnothing concerning 2 of the key problems that started the war–the rights of neutral U.S. vessels and therefore theimpress of U.S. sailors–it did open up the good Lakes region to yank enlargement and was hailed as a diplomatic conclusion within the us.
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