Four major Wars for Empire: Discuss and evaluate the North American phase of the
ID: 110767 • Letter: F
Question
Four major Wars for Empire: Discuss and evaluate the North American phase of the following wars: - King William’s War - Queen Anne’s War - King George’s War - French and Indian War Know the significance of each of the conflicts, areas of conflict and the terms of their treaties. Which of the wars is most significant? (Why?) Were there any long-term repercussions resulting from the Treaty of Paris (1763)? Four major Wars for Empire: Discuss and evaluate the North American phase of the following wars: - King William’s War - Queen Anne’s War - King George’s War - French and Indian War Know the significance of each of the conflicts, areas of conflict and the terms of their treaties. Which of the wars is most significant? (Why?) Were there any long-term repercussions resulting from the Treaty of Paris (1763)? Four major Wars for Empire: Discuss and evaluate the North American phase of the following wars: - King William’s War - Queen Anne’s War - King George’s War - French and Indian War Know the significance of each of the conflicts, areas of conflict and the terms of their treaties. Which of the wars is most significant? (Why?) Were there any long-term repercussions resulting from the Treaty of Paris (1763)?Explanation / Answer
King William's War
King William’s War was the first in a series of colonial conflicts between France and England for supremacy in North America. The major goal, other than prestige, was the control of the fur trade. All of these struggles had European counterparts that were often of greater significance than the American events.
“King William" refers to William III of England, the new monarch imported from the Netherlands at the time of the Glorious Revolution in 1688-89. The new king allied himself with the League of Augsburg (certain German states, Spain and Sweden) to oppose the French expansion. The Austrians and the Dutch also joined the fray against Louis XIV in the European phase of the conflict.
Conflict was already smouldering on the New England frontier at the time of the English declaration of war against France in May of 1689. Angered over the plundering of St. Castine's Trading House, the French had incited the Abernaki Indians of Maine to destroy the rival English post of Pemaquid, and also to attack frontier settlements.
When Louis de Buade, Comte de Frontenac, arrived in 1689 for his second term as governor, he found the colony terrified from Iroquois raids. In order to restore the courage of his populace and regain the support of his Indian allies, Frontenac sent out three war parties during the winter of 1690. The first destroyed Schenectady, the second burned down the small settlement of Salmon Falls on the New Hampshire border, while the third forced the surrender of Fort Loyal, now the site of Portland.
In response, Massachusetts raised a fleet of seven ships, which captured and plunder Port Royal. In May 1690, representatives of New York, Massachusetts, Plymouth and Connecticut met in New York City and planned an attack on Montreal. Attacks were planned by land and sea, both of which were failures.
Later French and Indian raids were made against Falmouth (later Portland, Maine) in July 1690; Durham, New Hampshire in June 1694; and Haverhill, Massachusetts in March 1697.
Peace was temporarily established in the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697, ending King William's War. North American territorial gains were returned to the original holders, establishing a status quo ante bellum.
Fighting was renewed in the New World in Queen Anne's War in 1702.
Queen Anne's War
The Queen Anne's War (1702-1713) is the name given to the second of the series of conflicts and battles in the French and Indian Wars. The war was named after the Queen Anne who was the British monarch at the time of the conflicts.
Queen Anne's War was the counterpart of the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe. In addition to the two main combatants England and France, Queen Anne's war also involved a number of American Indian tribes and Spain, which was allied with France during this period. During Queen Anne's War American colonial settlements along the New York and New England borders with Canada were raided by French forces together with their Indian allies during this phase of the French and Indian Wars. The British captured of Port Royal in 1710 that resulted in the French lands called Acadia becoming the British province of Nova Scotia. Under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, Britain also acquired Newfoundland and the Hudson Bay region from France during this important conflict in the French and Indian Wars.
Queen Anne's conflict resulted in the transfer of the French claims to the territories of Arcadia, Hudson Bay and Newfoundland to the British. Some of the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht were ambiguous, and concerns of various Indian tribes were not included in the treaty, which resulted in future conflicts in the French and Indian Wars including the Yamasee War, Tuscarora War and the Father Rale's War. The Fox Wars also erupted during this period. Following the Treaty of Utrecht many British merchants found the terms of the treaty unacceptable and resorted to smuggling. This led to the 1738 War of Jenkin's Ear in which one of the smugglers, by the name of Jenkins, had his ship seized by a Spanish vessel and his ear was cut off. This incident was used as a pretext for war and American colonists attacked Spanish possessions in the Caribbean and mounted an expedition against Spanish Florida. The expedition failed but the conflicts of the French and Indian Wars would soon erupt again with King George's War.
King George's War
The King George's War (1744 - 1748) is the name given to the third of the series of conflicts in the French and Indian Wars. The War was named after King George III who was the English monarch at the time of the conflict that was between the French and the British who were aided by their respective Indian allies. King George's War was the North American extension of the War of the Austrian Succession in Europe. King George's War involved disputes over the boundaries of Nova Scotia and the borders of northern New England and control of the Ohio Valley. King George's War was characterized by the bloody border raids by both sides, aided by their Native Indian allies. King George's War ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 that restored conquered territory but failed to resolve colonial issues that had arisen during the French and Indian Wars.
Following the King George's conflicts British colonists in New England and British merchants resented the return of Louisbourg to the French after they had captured the stronghold in a 46-day siege. This resentment was one of the early seeds of the American Revolution. The French and English wanted dominance in North America and to monopolize the highly lucrative trade options from a European perspective. The problems of the colonist's relations with French Canada, and Spanish Louisiana and Florida still remained unsettled after the King George's War. The conflicts of the French and Indian Wars would soon erupt again with the Seven Years War also known as the French Indian.
French and Indian War
The French Indian War (1754-1763) was the fourth and final series of conflicts in the French and Indian Wars. It was the North American counterpart of the Seven Years War that was fought in Europe between France and Austria. The Seven Years in Europe had been caused by the commercial and colonial rivalry between Britain and France and the conflict in Germany between Prussia and Austria. The North American dispute was whether the upper Ohio River valley was a part of the British empire or part of the French Empire. The population of the disputed area was predominantly occupied by British settlers but the French had made the greatest inroads into the exploration, trade, and Indian alliances of the region. The conflict known as the French and Indian Wars ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763 during which France ceded its North American territories to Great Britain. So ended the series of bloody conflicts known generically as the French and Indian Wars.
France ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida. France's colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. Although Britain was victorious the French and Indian Wars British had caused the 'mother country' to incur a massive war debt. The British efforts to reduce the debt included reversing their policy of Salutary Neglect that ultimately led to insurrection in the colonies, the Boston Tea Party, the American Revolution and the Declaration of Independence.
Most significant war is French and Indian War because it signed the treaty of Paris.
Yes, there is a long term repercussions resulting from the Treaty of Paris(1763). France, faced with disastrous defeats in the New World, was ready to negotiate a treaty of peace, the signing of which took place in Paris on February 10, 1763. According to its terms, France was to cede Canada to Great Britain and to relinquish all claims to the lands lying east of the Mississippi River, outside the environs of New Orleans. Spain, which had joined the conflict in its waning days and failed spectacularly in an attempt to check British ambitions in the Caribbean, was obliged to give up Florida as a condition for the return of Havana, which had been occupied by the British since August 1762. France ceded Louisiana, including New Orleans, to Spain as compensation. Thus, France, which at the beginning of the war and during its first four years held a dominating position over most of North America, had disappeared from that continent as a political and military power. In contrast, all along the Atlantic seaboard from the northern reaches of Hudson Bay to the Florida Keys, the British had no colonial rival.
Related Questions
drjack9650@gmail.com
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.