EXPLAIN DIFFERENT TYPES OF OCEANIC WATER CIRCULATION. HOW DO CHANGES IN GLOBAL C

Question

EXPLAIN DIFFERENT TYPES OF OCEANIC WATER CIRCULATION. HOW DO CHANGES IN GLOBAL CLIMATE EFFECT THE CIRCULATION OF OCEANIC WATERS? 2. WHAT ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FLOODS? EXPLAIN THE HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THESE FLOODS? HOW CAN WE PREVENT THESE ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS? 3. EXPLAIN THE NATURAL COASTAL PROCESSES THAT MAY RESULT IN DEPOSITION AND EROSION OF DIFFERENT SEDIMENTS IN COASTAL REGIONS. EXPLAIN HOW HUMAN INTERVENTIONS AFFECT THESE COSTAL PROCESSES. 4. EXPLAIN THE RISK AND NATURAL HAZARDS EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES. HOW CAN WE PLAN TO CONTROL THESE RISKS? 5. DISCUSS THE ROLE OF PLATE TECTONICS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL HAZARDS THAT MAY RELATED TO DIFFERENT PLATE BOUNDARIES AND THEIR ACTIVITIES. 6. WHAT ARE HURRICANES? EXPLAIN THE OROGIN OF HURRICANES AND EXPLAIN HOW SCIENTISTS CLASSIFY DIFFERENT TYPES OF HURRICANES. HOW CAN WE AVOID THEIR RISKS? 7. EXPLAIN THE NATURAL CAUSES OF THUNDERSTORMS AND TORNADOES. HOW DO THEY DEVELOP? EXPLAIN THER DAMAGE AND RISK

Explanation / Answer

Step 1

Explain the different types of sea water circulation

There are two types of ocean currents:

1. Surface Currents - Surface Circulation

These waters account for about 10% of all ocean waters.

These waters are the 400 meters of the upper ocean.

2. Currents of deep water - Circulation termoalchina

These waters represent the remaining 90% of the ocean

These waters move around ocean basins by gravitational forces and guided by density.

The difference in density is a function of different temperatures and the salinity

These deep water wells in the deep ocean deep at high latitudes where temperatures are cold enough to cause density increases.

2ND STEP

As changes in global climate influence the circulation of ocean currents

The contribution of the climate exists ocean currents and also works in the opposite direction. I mean, the climate also contributes to ocean currents. Oceanic waters are constantly on the move. What effect to influence the climate and living conditions of plants and animals, even in the field.

The currents circulate in complex models affected by wind, water salinity and heat content, in the bottom by the topography and by the rotation of the earth. The movement of surface water is in the form of currents. The currents horizontally move the ocean on the surface of the ocean. The main depend on the wind surface currents. Other forces such as Coriolis and the location of the earth do not affect current surface patterns. The Coriolis effect explains how the rotation of the earth causes the wind curve. The wind in the northern curve of the hemisphere will to the right and the wind in the curve of the will of the southern hemisphere to the left.

In fact, large circular patterns called spin current can be seen when looking at the ocean currents of the world. From the equator to the middle latitudes, the circular motion is clockwise in the northern hemisphere and left in the southern hemisphere. Near the poles of Earth, there is a tendency to flow to turn in the opposite direction. This circulation of water helps to spread the energy of the sun. The sun heats the water from the equator, then are transported water and heat to higher latitudes.

An example is El Nino. El Nino is a name given to the occasional development of warm surface waters of the ocean along the coast of Ecuador and Peru. Over the years El Nino, the equatorial counter-current intensifies in the Pacific Ocean. This current flows to the east, and is a partial return of the water transported to the west by the equatorial north and south currents. The effect of the lifting of the El Nino door changes or the lowering of the air temperature and the amount of precipitation. These factors contribute to changing time in different places and in different forms.

STEP 3

What are the different types of floods?

Types of flooding

• Flash floods.

• coastal flooding.

• urban flooding.

• River Flood (or river).

• Water accumulation (rain or flooding)

STEP 4

Explain the danger associated with this flood

The risks of flooding

Main risks

The main risks are the effects of flooding due to direct contact with flood waters.

• With higher speeds, the flows are capable of transporting larger particles such as the suspended load. These larger particles may include not only rocks and sediments, but in the event of flooding could include large items such as cars, houses and bridges.

• Flood waters can produce enormous amounts of erosion. This erosion can weaken and undermine bridges, dykes / dams and buildings causing them to collapse.

• Water in human structures causes water damage. Even with minor flooding of houses, ruined furniture, floors and walls are damaged and anything coming in contact with the water is likely to be damaged or lost. The flood of cars usually involves damage that can not be easily repaired.

• Flooding of agricultural land can cause crop losses. Farm animals, pets and other animals are often kidnapped and drowned.

• can be captured human beings in high-speed flood waters and can drown in water.

• Effluents can concentrate waste, debris and toxic pollutants that can cause side effects to health risks.

Secondary risks

The secondary hazards are those that occur because of the primary hazards.

1) The supply of drinking water can be polluted, especially if the wastewater treatment plants are in the flooded area. This contamination can cause disease

And other health complications.

2) Gas and electricity can be interrupted.

3) Transport systems may be interrupted can be delayed and food aid. This has led to hunger in less developed countries.

Long hazards

Long-term changes

1) change my position the river channel.

2) Sediment deposited during flooding can leave the farm under poor conditions (even if forest deposits can increase productivity).

3) Destruction of wildlife habitat.

STEP 5

How can we expect these environmental hazard

Floods can be such devastating disasters that everyone would be interested in almost all the times. As we have seen, when water falls on the surface of the Earth, it must go somewhere. To reduce the risk due to flooding, take three main approaches to flood forecasting. You can undertake statistical studies to try to determine the probability and frequency of discharges of high flows that cause flooding. Flooding can be modeled and maps can be made to determine the extent of any flooding when it occurs in the future. And as the main causes of floods are abnormal amount of precipitation and rapid melting of snow storms or ice and snow levels, they can be monitored to provide a short-term flood forecast

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