True or False 1. A significant challenge for weather forecasting models is that

Question

True or False

1. A significant challenge for weather forecasting models is that they contain boundaries (geographic & volumetric), making small scale weather predictions less accurate.

2.Accuracy of forecasts made for 2 or more days ahead usually falls rapidly, due to the chaotic nature of weather.

3. Pre-frontal squall-lines are lines of severe thunderstorms that are very severe weather systems, and in the mid latitudes often contain supercells.

4. It is easier to forecast the movement of a tornado, than the potential of a blizzard.

5. A tornadic waterspout is a tornado over a body of water.

6Hurricanes are formed from simple complexes of thunderstorms and require areas of high relative humidity concentrations.

7. A microclimate is the average climate of a small area, such as a city.

8. A microburst from a thunderstorm can cause an aircraft to gain and lose airspeed and altitude.

9. The eye wall of a hurricane forms during the depression stage.

10. The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), circles the Earth equatorial region, and is an area of rising air, causing this region to be very wet.

Explanation / Answer

1. True: The smaller the scale of a weather feature more difficult is to resolve the weather by the forecast models. Since the smaller scale features affect the larger scale more features more significantly. This is the one of the significant challenge for weather forecasting models for making small scale weather predication less accurate.

2. False: The accuracy of forecasts made between 12-24 hours is usually good. Those between 2-5 days are fairly good and the forecasts made beyond 7 days falls off rapidly due to the chaotic and unpredictable nature of the weather.

3. True: Pre frontal squall lines are the lines of thunderstorms formed when the warmer air advances a cold front. These form 100-300 km ahead of the front and can extend for 600 km along the front. These squall lines are formed in tropics and midlatitudes. These pre frontal squall lines contain supercells and have intense thunderstorms.

4. False: Conditions at the front like low temperature of the ground, high humidity and heavy winds are necessary conditions for the formation of the blizzard. For the formation of tornado, a rare combination of conditions like unusually warm and humid conditions in the lower atmosphere and usually cooler air in the upper atmosphere, unstability in the atmosphere, wind shear in the lower atmosphere are necessary. Although both can be predicated with the help of satellites. But the conditions for the tornado formation are highly irregular and quick. So it is easier to predict blizzard than tornado.

5. True: Tornadic waterspout is a tornado which has moved out of the continent into the ocean or water body. This is more common and can occur at any time or place in temperate or tropical region.

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