2. In the phospholipase C signal transduction pathway, which two second messenge

Question

2. In the phospholipase C signal transduction pathway, which two second messengers are produced?

a. phospholipase C and protein kinase A

b. PIP2 andIP3

c. phospholipase C and G

d. IP3 and DAG

3. Which MAP kinase was found to be a signaling molecule for oocyte maturation in mice?

a. Mek and ERK2

b. ERK 1 and ERK 2

c. Raf 1 and Raf 2

d. Ras 1 and ERK 2

4. During signal transduction of a G protein, the first messenger binds to the receptor, and the G protein is activated, what happens next?

a. activation of protein kinase

b. activation of adenylyl cyclase

c. cellular response

d. phosphorylation of the G protein

5. What is typically the result of receptor up-regulation?

a. the concentration of hormone molecules in the blood increases.

b. the number of receptors decreases.

c. the sensitivity of a cell to a hormone decreases

d. the number of genes that code for a receptor increases.

Explanation / Answer

2. The correct answer is option d.

Explanation: The primary catalyzed-reaction of PLC occurs on an insoluble substrate at a lipid-water interface. The residues in the active site are conserved in all PLC isotypes. In animals, PLC selectively catalyzes the hydrolysis of the phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), on the glycerol side of the phosphodiester bond. There is the formation of a weakly enzyme-bound intermediate, inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphodiester, and release of diacylglycerol (DAG). The intermediate is then hydrolyzed to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Thus the two end products are DAG and IP3.

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