21) The World Bank was established in 1944 to ________. A) provide ease of banki
ID: 108372 • Letter: 2
Question
21) The World Bank was established in 1944 to ________.
A) provide ease of banking for multinational corporations
B) fund economic development such as dams and irrigation projects in the poorest countries
C) fund international projects for developed nations, including dams on international rivers, multinational irrigation projects, and the spraying of herbicides and insecticides
D) fund international environmental studies of issues such as pollution and global warming
E) help weak governments by loaning money to heads of state for military infrastructure
22) Critics of the World Trade Organization ________.
A) charge that it gives too much money to environmental causes
B) complain that it frequently worsens environmental problems
C) discriminates against developing nations
D) say that the international taxes that it regulates are burdensome to smaller countries
E) charge that the WTO's subsidy policies unfairly target poor people
23) Lobbying is one strategy employed by ________ to influence governmental environmental policies.
A) environmental advocacy groups and the American Petroleum Institute
B) the U.S. president and members of the Cabinet
C) the scientific community
D) the judicial branch of government
E) the legislative branch
24) Environmental public policy is intended to ________.
A) promote the harvesting of natural resources
B) improve human welfare and protect the natural world
C) ensure access to natural resources for industry
D) measure the impact of industrial wastes on the environment
E) maximize economic profit while minimizing public discontent
25) Cap-and-trade is a system that ________.
A) allows industries to set their own levels for pollution emission so trading can continue
B) has been repealed by Congress as useless in diminishing pollution
C) specifies a certain cap on industrial pollutants that can be traded to other nations
D) permits industries that pollute at levels below the federal cap to sell credits to industries that pollute at levels above the cap
E) rapidly brings pollution emissions to near zero for participating industries
26) In 2009, the G-20 nations agreed to ________.
A) double the subsidies to fossil fuel companies
B) postpone developing renewable energy resources until 2050
C) increase subsidies to fossil fuel industries by 10-12%
D) gradually phase out their fossil fuel subsidies
E) set a goal to produce 60% of their energy from clean, renewable sources by 2030
27) Sustainable economic and environmental policies will shift the focus from ________.
A) sustainability to productivity
B) economic growth to the well-being of humans
C) productivity to economic growth
D) productivity to profits
E) national economic growth to global economic growth
28) Regarding environmental laws and the U.S. Constitution, ________.
A) state laws cannot violate the Constitution
B) in a case of conflict, state laws always take precedence over federal laws and the Constitution
C) the Constitution can be set aside for state environmental laws
D) by paying a waiver fee, federal laws can override the Constitution
E) fundamental environmental policy is already set forth in the Constitution
29) Green taxes ________.
A) are widely supported and instituted in the United States
B) have been rejected by the European Union as being too costly to enforce
C) are taxes instituted on landscaping plants and trees to raise funds for projects promoting sustainable development
D) may affect consumers if the companies paying the taxes raise the price of their product
E) are paid by golfers in areas where sensitive habitat has been converted to golf courses
30) ________ is any network of relationships among a group of components, which interact with and influence one another through the exchange of energy, matter, or information.
A) An interchange
B) A system
C) An ecosystem
D) An environmental collaboration
E) Hierarchy
31) A system stabilized by negative feedback, with opposing processes offsetting each other, is said to be in ________.
A) static control
B) environmental balance
C) harmonic resonance
D) normal balance
E) dynamic equilibrium
32) In some areas, cattle on an open range may compact fragile soils while grazing. This can damage plant roots, leading to fewer, smaller plants, which may in turn cause cattle to graze more and work harder to obtain food. This is an example of a ________.
A) positive feedback loop
B) negative feedback loop
C) homeostatic system
D) dynamic equilibrium
E) food web
33) The eutrophication that has taken place in Chesapeake Bay, the Gulf of Mexico, and other locations appears to be due to ________.
A) global warming from human use of fossil fuels
B) pesticide use along the waterways
C) heavy metals dumped in the sewage
D) weather alone, because it is only obvious in the summer
E) excess nutrients from fertilizers
34) What are Earth's structural spheres?
A) geosphere and atmosphere
B) lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere
C) lithosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere
D) lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere
E) centrosphere, geosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere
35) The majority of Earth's fresh water exists ________.
A) in the form of ice
B) in freshwater lakes, streams, and rivers
C) in groundwater
D) in the atmosphere
E) in the oceans
36) Containing elements of both forests and coastal marshes, the swamplands of extreme southern Louisiana would be an example of ________.
A) a superbiome
B) an ecotone
C) a dead zone
D) a closed ecosystem
E) an abiotic system
Explanation / Answer
21. Option-B, as World Bank have two important institutions
a) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development(IBRD) and International Development Association(IDA), IBRD provides loans to countries to enhance economic development.
22.Option -B and C as WTO is Anti-Environment
WTO trample's labor and human rights
WTO is bad for health and diversity
WTO is increasing the gap between the rich and the poor
WTO undermines local level decision making and National sovereignty
WTO operates in secrecy and hurts third world
23. Option-A, Lobbying is a communication by someone other than a citizen acting on his or her own behalf directed to a government decision maker mainly in the legislative and executive branch.
24. Option-B, the Environmental public policy is meant for the human welfare and protect the natural world.
25. Option-C, Cap and trade is a market -based approach to controlling pollution that allows organization or government to trade under an overall cap or limit on those emissions.
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