2. What is a potential benefit of running a model at a higher resolution? 3. Wha
ID: 107447 • Letter: 2
Question
2. What is a potential benefit of running a model at a higher resolution?
3. What do the mathematical equations in a typical computer model represent?
(a) accelerations caused by atmospheric forces
(b) Newton’s laws of motion
(c) laws of thermodynamics
(d) All of the above
4. Forecasts from numerical weather prediction models will always have inherent uncertainty because:
(a) the equations used in these models are often inexact.
(b) there will always be errors is specifying the initial state the atmosphere.
(c) the models have inadequate resolution to resolve all atmospheric processes.
(d) the models cannot realistically capture all the physical processes that occur in
the real atmosphere.
(e) all of the above
5. Please name three of four mechanisms that can cause air to rise.
6. What will happen if a parcel of air is displaced vertically in an unstable environment?
(a) It will remain in its new position.
(b) It will return to its original position.
(c) It will continue to accelerate away from its original position.
(d) None of the above. Air cannot be displaced vertically in the atmosphere.
7. As an air parcel rises what happens to its size and temperature?
(a) It expands and cools.
(b) It expands and warms.
(c) It contracts and cools.
(d) It contracts and warms.
(e) It oscillates in size but its temperature does not change.
9. What is the atmospheric stability in a thunderstorm environment?
(a) stable
(b) neutral
(c) unstable
(d) conditionally unstable
9. Which stability index is a measure of an air parcel’s positive buoyancy accumulated over its trajectory above the level of free convection?
(a) LI (Lifted Index)
(b) CINH (Convective Inhibition)
(c) SWEAT (Severe Weather Threat)
(d) CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy
10-12. In the map above is a 51 member ensemble for a 7 day weather forecast of 500-mb geopotential heights centered over east Atlantic (similar to Fig. 4.12, page 71 in your textbook).
10) Where are the weather models exhibiting the most uncertainty (I.E the most spread!) in this weather forecast?
11) Where approximately do the ensemble of weather models show the most confidence (I.E the least amount of spread)?
12) If you were a forecaster using the forecast modeling system above, what area (approximately) would you have the most confidence in making a forecast for?
Explanation / Answer
Question 7) (a) It expands and cools
Reason : an air parcel will expand as it rises because of the reason it confronts lower pressure and also the air parcel cools down because temperature is proportional to molecular internal energy and some of the molecular internal energy is used by molecules to push out on the air parcel walls, so temperature decreases(cools)
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