11. Oxidation is the process whereby electrons are the process where electrons a
ID: 1041639 • Letter: 1
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11. Oxidation is the process whereby electrons are the process where electrons are while reduction is 12. Write oxidation or reduction beside the following a. Bromine atom (Br) becomes Bromide ion (Br) b. Copper ion (Cu') becomes Copper atom (Cu) c. Silver atom (Ag) becomes Silver ion (Ag+) d. Phosphide ion (P-) becomes Phosphorus atom (P) 13. Nuclear energy is the energy that comes from emission of rays or radiations from different ice elements. There are two processes involved, one is called and the other is 14. In nuclear equations we balance mass numbers and atomic numbers. Balance these numbers in the nuclear equations below: 234 Pa24Ue C18 e 15. The units of energy are a. Joules b. Calories c. Ergs d. All of the above 16. Since the internal energy cannot be measured directly, we resorted to detecting this enery by measuring changesin 17. The following are examples of exothermic reactions with the exception of: Combustion of fuels a. b. Condensation of vapor Mixing of water and acid Evaporation of a liquid c. d. 18. Do the following calculations: Using the formula E 3/2 R T, calculate the internal energy of 1 mole of CO2 at 40° C(R 8.314 J/K. mol). Show your work.Explanation / Answer
11. Oxidation is the process whereby electrons are LOST while reduction is the process where electrons are GAINED.
(Always remember OIL-RIG oxidation is loss-reduction is gain!)
12. a. Reduction (gain in one electron)
b. Reduction (gain in two electrons)
c. Oxidation (loss of one electron)
d. Oxidation (loss of three electrons)
13. Nuclear energy is the energy that comes from emission of rays or radiations from different elements. There are two processes involved, one is called FISSION and the other is FUSION.
14.
91Pa234 ? 92U234 + -1e0 This is called beta decay where an electron is formed
6C11 ? 5B11 + 1e0 This is called a beta minus decay where 1e0 represents a positron.
Both equations are thus balanced (atomic numbers as well as the mass numbers)
15. d. All the above.
Joules, calories and ergs are all units of energy.
Joule is the SI unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves one meter in the direction of action of the force, equivalent to one 3600th of a watt-hour.
Calorie is the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1 °C (now usually defined as 4.1868 joules).
Ergs is a unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one dyne when its point of application moves one centimeter in the direction of action of the force.
16. Since the internal energy cannot be directly measured, we resorted to detecting this energy by measuring changes in ENTHALPY.
17. d. evaporation of a liquid is an endothermic reaction as the liquid absorbs heat from the system / surroundings to evaporate.
Combustion of fuels is exothermic as a lot of heat is produced when fuels are burnt. Condensation of vapour gives out heat which was absorbed when the liquid became vapour, it is given out when the phase changes and the liquid is reformed. Mixing of water and acid also produces heat and is therefore an exothermic reaction.
18. E=(3/2)RT
= (3/2)X8.314X313
=3903.423J
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