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https://luonline.blackboard.com/webapps/assessment/take/launch.js ¥ Question Completion Status QUESTION 1 identify which of the following processes are spontaneous: A. A Dissolving table salt in hot water. CClimbing a mountain. A Natural gas diffusing away from a leak in a gas spontaneous 8. nonspontaneous C. neither line. -J separating carbon dioxide from air. B. QUESTION 2 How does the entropy of each system change in each of the foilowing processes? A liquid freezes. A liquid boils A solid melts. A solid sublimes. A Increases B Decreases C.No change - A vapor undergoes deposition. " A vapor condenses A solid dissolves in a solvent Click Sove and Submit to save ond submitiS AAnswers to sove al onswers 26Explanation / Answer
1. A spontaneous process is one which occurs without any consumption of externally supplied energy and occurs purely due to the higher stability of the resultant state rather than the initial state. Thus most spontaneous processes are endothermic in the sense that their final entropy is higher and enthalpy lower than their initial state. Of the different processes given only separation of carbon dioxide from air and climbing a mountain are non-spontaneous as these require additional energy input to specifically extract only carbon dioxide molecules from a homogenous mixture of gases in varying concentrations and working against gravity to climb up a mountain. The spontaneous counterparts of these processes are letting carbon dioxide mix with air and falling down a mountain as these require no additional work. The other two processes however are spontaneous.
2. In general when a system's freedom increases, its entropy also increases due to the increasing thermal energy imbibed by the system which bestows the freedom of movement of the system's molecules. Thus a liquid boiling, a solid subliming, solid melting and solid dissolving in a solvent involve increasing entropy while a liquid freezing, vapor condensing and vapor deposition involve decreasing entropy. In general the entropy order of different phases considering all other factors are same is in the order solid < liquid < gas.
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