PLEASE IGNORE FRACTION DISTILLATION AND USE SIMPLE DISTILLATION TO ANSWER ALL QU

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PLEASE IGNORE FRACTION DISTILLATION AND USE SIMPLE DISTILLATION TO ANSWER ALL QUESTION

**************"ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS BASE ON SIMPLE DISTILLATION"*************

***CLEAR HANDWRITING*****

1. What is the purpose of today's lab? 2. What is happening when a liquid superheats? 3. How can we prevent "bumping" of a liquid? What is the difference between Simple and Fractional distillation? . Which compound has a higher boiling point, ethanol or dimethyl ether? Explain 6. What are azeotropic mixture? 7. In today's setup what is the position of the thermometer? 8. What are two ideal solvents that we can separate using simple distillation?

Explanation / Answer

1. The purpose of today's lab is to make students understand the routine life science going around and thinking the changes occuring in the surroundings in a scientific manner.

2. When a liquid superheats, it is basically boiled up to a temperature more than the boiling point, even without boiling. suppose water is superheated, means it is put under some pressure to get a higher temperature than the boiling point of water (100 C) and less than the critical temperature, for it to not convert into gas.

3. Bumping of a liquid can be prevented by adding one or two boiling chips to the reaction vessel and if this does not work, boil in a boiling tube or a boiling flask. Also, a simple way is to add a magnetic bead to the reaction vessel and heat upon a magnetic stirrer available in the labortary as it will distribute the heat uniformly over the reaction vessel, preventing the bumping further.

4. Simple distillation and fractional distillation differ only in a fractionating coloumn that is placed in between the boiling flask and the condenser, in case of fractional distillation. Fractional distillation provides more purity of the liquids seperated than the simple distillation.

5. Ethanol has a higher boiling point than dimethyl ether because in case of ethanol, we have hydrogen bonding present which requires high energy to seperate them as compared to that of the ethers. OH----HO bonding is a very strong interaction and so lot of force is required to break that interaction.

6. Azeotropic mixture is a mixture of two or more liquids having a constant composition, and cannot be seperated by simple distillation. they are basically of two types : positive azeotropes and negative azeotropes.

7. In today's setup thermometer is set up in the tube where the vapours come up from the boiling flask and pass on to the condenser. it is placed a little above on the tube so that the exact temperature of the vapours can be measured and difference in the boiling points can be found out.

8. the two ideal solutions separsted using simple distillation are the ones which have different boiling points (preferably 50C), an example can be of the ethanol and water system, ethanol can be separated easily having a boiling point of 78.8C.

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