1- calculate G for the following reactions: Na2CO3(s) + H2O (l) 2NaOH(aq) + CO2

Question

1- calculate G for the following reactions:

Na2CO3(s) + H2O (l) 2NaOH(aq) + CO2 (g)

Na2CO3 (aq) + CaCl2 (aq) CaCO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

2-Based on the calculation of G above, predict (make a hypothesis about) whether the reaction(s) are spontaneous in the forward direction.

3-Does the absolute value of G indicate anything about the reaction rate?

4-Explain another way you could calculate a value for G for each reaction. Be sure to indicate either which measurements you would have to make or, which numerical values you would need.

5- One of the reactions should have been nonspontaneous. Explain what would happen if the reaction were written in the reverse direction.

6-How could a reaction that is non-spontaneous be changed so that it would become spontaneous in the direction written?

Explanation / Answer

1- calculate G for the following reactions:

Na2CO3(s) + H2O (l) 2NaOH(aq) + CO2 (g)

G = total G formation of products – total G formation of reactants

G = [2Gf(NaOH (s)) + 1Gf(CO2 (g))]- [1Gf(Na2CO3 (s)) + 1Gf(H2O (l))]

=[2(-379.07) + 1(-394.38)] - [1(-1047.67) + 1(-237.18)]

=+ 132.33 kJ(non-spontaneous)

Na2CO3 (aq) + CaCl2 (aq) CaCO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

G = total G formation of products – total G formation of reactants

G = [Gf (CaCO3(s) + 2 x Gf (NaCl(aq) ] - [ Gf (Na2CO3(aq) + Gf CaCl2(aq)) ]

G = [-1129.1 + 2 x -393.17 ] - [ -1051.6 + -816.05 ]

= - 47.79 kJ/mol(spontaneous)

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