The following question lists examples of observational studies. Indicate the typ
ID: 101990 • Letter: T
Question
The following question lists examples of observational studies. Indicate the type of study design that is being described.a. A study examined the effect of hormone replacement therapy on cancer; cancer cases were identified by using a cancer registry in northern California. Controls were selected from a random sample of Bay Area cities.
b. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Survey were used in a secondary data analysis to examine the effect of income inequality and race on preventive health practices.
c. The level of unemployment was used as a measure of economic distress in Germany. Researchers examined the association between distress and general anxiety syndrome across states in Germany. The following question lists examples of observational studies. Indicate the type of study design that is being described.
a. A study examined the effect of hormone replacement therapy on cancer; cancer cases were identified by using a cancer registry in northern California. Controls were selected from a random sample of Bay Area cities.
b. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Survey were used in a secondary data analysis to examine the effect of income inequality and race on preventive health practices.
c. The level of unemployment was used as a measure of economic distress in Germany. Researchers examined the association between distress and general anxiety syndrome across states in Germany. The following question lists examples of observational studies. Indicate the type of study design that is being described.
a. A study examined the effect of hormone replacement therapy on cancer; cancer cases were identified by using a cancer registry in northern California. Controls were selected from a random sample of Bay Area cities.
b. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Survey were used in a secondary data analysis to examine the effect of income inequality and race on preventive health practices.
c. The level of unemployment was used as a measure of economic distress in Germany. Researchers examined the association between distress and general anxiety syndrome across states in Germany.
Explanation / Answer
A) it is an example of case control study and case control study compares patients who have a disease with patients who don't have the disease and compare how frequently the exposure to a risk factor is present in each group.
B) it is an example of cross sectional study and this analyzes data collected from a population, or a respective subset at a specific point in time.
C) it is an example of Ecologic study.
It is an observational study defined by the level at which data are analyzed, mainly at population or group level rather then individual level. They are often used to measure prevalence and incidence of disease.
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