Question 1. How can a balanced reciprocal translocation that does not cause the

Question

Question 1. How can a balanced reciprocal translocation that does not cause the person to have an abnormal phenotype cause that person’s offspring to have an abnormal phenotype? Question 2. Please describe the process of nucleotide excision repair. Include a mention of how the repair machinery differentiates between the newly synthesized DNA strand (part of which must be removed) and the older, template DNA strand (none of which needs to be removed)? Question 3 What would the result be if a plant cell was unable to properly assemble the kinetochores around its centromeres?

Explanation / Answer

1) In a balanced reciprocal translocation, chromosomes are arranged in such a manner that no chromosome material gets gained or lost in the process. A person who carries balanced translocation is usually unaware of the fact that he or she is having this sort of problem unless they give birth to a child. If one of the parents carries a balanced translocation, then it may possible that the child may inherit an unbalanced translocation in his life. In an unbalanced translocation, the exchange of chromosomal material is unequal resulting into extra or missing genes. However, it is not necessary that if a parent has balanced translocation then he or she will always pass it on to the child.

2) Nucleotide excision repair has similarities with base excision repair but is not preceded by the removal of a damaged base and acts on the damaged portion of DNA.

3) Kinetochore is essential for the chromosomal segregation which is associated with the processes of mitosis and meiosis. It is a proteinaceous structure present on the chromatids where the spindle fibre attaches itself during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart. So, if a plant cell is unable to properly assemble the kinetochore around its centromere, then the cell cycle would get affected and the plant cell does not get properly divided.

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