The expriment is (chemical and physical properties of ethanol in water) I need u
ID: 995385 • Letter: T
Question
The expriment is (chemical and physical properties of ethanol in water) I need ur help on this experiment, provides me include the Literture review of this topic as What I attached in the picture(Literature review)
I would be thankful for that
Thank u Literatnre Review Citation Authors Historically, the introduction of synthetic ion exchange resin Abrams L M et is developed by two treatment expert and polymer chemist is al, 1997 and Dale B. A. Adams and E. L. Holmes on 1935 which is do the J. A. et al., 1992. reaction of formaldehyde with phenolic or amine derivatives to create phenol-formaldehyde structure by condensation of resin. From the condensate resin era in early 1940, with continue with addition polymer im late 1950, and transforming into new adsorbents for varies of application. A class of polymer beads such a macroporous polymer beads Wheaton R M et was contained a fixed well-óeveloped porous structure in al., 2000. withered state, that having a wide range of applications such as water softening, dealkalization, purification, and many more. The benefit of the porous system is a sensitive fumction of the diameter of internal pores, their division, and morphology Sulfonation reaction can operate at monomer before Meyer M. et al polymerization or during post-polymerization. It will affect 2013 the degree of sulfonation and the final ion exchange capacities of the sulfonated polymer. Most commonly during post-sulfomation process occur are lead in a homogenous step and it is limited by the polymer solubility The disadvantages use of strong sulfonation reagent is possibility eapacities of the suilfonated polymer. Most commonly during
Explanation / Answer
The packing propensity of ethanol in aqueous solution is very unusual, yet ethanol finds extensive use both in the food and the pharmaceutical industry. An analysis of the solution properties of increasing concentrations of ethanol in water at 20° and 37°C reveals valuable information about its packing characteristics. Apparent molar and specific volumes provide information about the interaction of ethanol with surrounding water structure. Isentropic apparent molar and specific compressibilities indicate the extent to which the hydration layer around the ethanol molecules can be compressed. Compressibility hydration numbers show the number of water molecules that are displaced by the introduction of the ethanol to water. The enhanced packing efficiency of ethanol in water at low concentrations, is affected by the formation of cage-like structures around the hydrophobic end of the molecule. At high concentrations, however, linear chains or rings of ethanol molecules are formed which change its mode of packing within the three-dimensional structure of water. These effects may be used to help explain the mechanism of action of ethanol in food, pharmaceutical and other applications.
Ethanol is best known as alcohol since it contains hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to alkyl carbon. Ethyl alcohol is a straight chain alcohol with molecular formula CHOH. It is mainly found in alcoholic beverages, as a pure organic solvent and as a alcohol fuel (power alcohol). Water (HO) and ethanol molecules mix or dissolves each other, since both the solvents are polar in nature. The Hydrogen atom of the Hydroxyl (-OH) group on ethanol and water molecules are polar. The hydrogen bond is formed between the hydrogen of -OH group of ethanol and oxygen of water molecule. Water-ethanol(EtOH) mixtures at different temperatures exhibit a wide range of dielectric constant , viscosity, density and a high degree of hydrogen bonding effects. Interaction between water and ethanol can be studied at different quantities by the measurement of conductivity over that composition range.
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