Please answer all parts.. 6. ANF a. increases plasma sodium levels b. decreases

Question

Please answer all parts..

6. ANF

a. increases plasma sodium levels

b. decreases plasma sodium levels

c. in synthesized in the kidney

d. is lipid soluble

e. both b and d

7. Which of the following is a secondary secretagogue for the release of aldosterone ?

a. angiotensinogen

b. atrial natriuretic peptide

c. angiotensin

d. none of the above

8. The thirst center is located in

a. hypothalamus

b. posterior pituitary gland

c. medulla

d. basal ganglion

9. In response to hemorrhage,

a, renin levels increase

b. renin levels decrease

c. aldosterone levels decrease

d. none of the above

10. Whish of the following is a stimulus for the release of ADH ?

a. stress

b. hypervolemia

c. hypoosmolarity

d. hypertension

11. A G protein has how many subunits ?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

12. Which of the following might be an indication of dehydration in the elderly?

a. alterations in LOC

b. impaired glucose metabolism

c. increased falls

d. both a and c

Explanation / Answer

6. b. decreases plasma sodium level: ANF (Atrial natriuretic factor) is also known as atrial natriuretic hormone or atrial natriuretic peptide. When blood volume is high, ANF is secreted in heart atrium. It decreases plasma sodium level by increasing renal excretion of sodium and water to decrease plasma volume.

It is synthesized in heart and is water soluble.

7. c. Angiotensin: Angiotensin II is formed from Angiotensin I in the presence of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). This angiotensin II is secretagogue for release of aldosterone in adrenal cortex.

8. a. hypothalamus: thirst center plays an important role in fluid balance of body and gives a feeling to theist to drink. It is situated in hypothalamus of brain.

9. a. renin level increases: When hemorrhage occurs more renin is released by kidney leading to increased level of angiotensin II and aldosterone. This leads to increased reabsorption of water and salt and increased blood volume.

10. a. stress: Increase in stress level leads to stimulation of ADH release.

11. c. 3: G protein has 3 subunits: alpha, beta and gamma.

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