For each of the following pair of element, state which has the lower ionization

Question

For each of the following pair of element, state which has the lower ionization energy and briefly explain why in your own word. Where the difference is due to a variety of factors, explain all. Ar and K P and S Zn and Ga For each of the following pair of element, state which has the lower (in some cases, even negalive0 electron affinity and briefly explain why your own words. O and Na and Mg For the following pairs of element, state which has the lower thirds ionization energy, and briefly explain why in your own word. Sr and Y For the following pairs of atoms and/ or ions, state which is smaller and briefly explain why in your own word. Xe^- and Rb Rb and K K^+ and Cl^- Eu and Gd.

Explanation / Answer

Ar >>> K; by definition, the ionization energy for a noble is very high, they will not turn to ions easily since they have their octet full compared to an alkali metal which will easily lose 1 electron

P vs S are very similar, by definition, the S should have a higher ionization energy, but in reality, it has less than P (this is an exception)

Zn >> Ga Gallium has a very low ionization energy, since Gallium is pretty near to a nonmetal

2)

electron affinity = "love for electons"

Cl vs. K... Cl has higher electron affinity, since it is negativley charged vs. potassium that will lose its electron pretty easily

Na vs Mg; By definition, Mg has higher electron affinity than Na. Sodium has a very low value since it is an alkali metal

4)

Sr has the highest ionization (3rd) energy, since the 3rd electron is in the "core" of the electronic configuration ,i.e. it only has 2 electrons in the valence shell, all other electrons are in the core, therefore, it needs a very HIGH energy to strip it.

5)

Xe is larger, since negativ ions increase in size

Rb is higher, since it cotains higher amount of protons/neutrons

Cl- is larger, since it is a negative ion, which makes it larger

Eu must be smaller, since it contains less protons and neutrons than Gd

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