A series of plasma proteins that can mark or directly destroy bacteria is called

Question

A series of plasma proteins that can mark or directly destroy bacteria is called: A) Antagonist B) Lysozyme C) Interferon D) Complement The formation of membrane attack complexes against microbes is part of: A) the classical complement pathway B) defense against helminths C) cell-mediated immunity D) all of the above What type of protein is released from a viral-infected cell that induces synthesis of antiviral proteins in uninfected cells? A. complement B. bradykinin C. interferon D. histamine What do antiviral proteins do inside host cells? A) trigger apoptosis B) shut down translation C) shut down transcription (D) shut down DNA replication Which of the following immune responses can potentially lead to tissue death and possibly be fatal? A) acute inflammation B) chronic inflammation C) dolor D) rubor What type of cell simulates inflammatory vasodilation by secreting histamine? A) Fibroblasts B) B cells C) Mast cells D) Cytotoxic T cells Which of the following is a chemical that is released by damaged cells that can trigger inflammation? A) Leukotrienes B) Prostaglandins C) Histamine D) All of the above Phagocytic cells that have phagocytized bacteria, particularly macrophages, produce what chemical that signals the hypothalamus of the brain to reset the body's thermostat triggering fever? A. Interleukin 1 B. Histamine C. Leukotriene D. Interferon

Explanation / Answer

17:- option D
reason:- The complement system is made up of a large number of distinct plasma proteins that react with one another to opsonize pathogens and induce a series of inflammatory responses that help to fight infection. A number of complement proteins are proteases that are themselves activated by proteolytic cleavage. Such enzymes are called zymogens and were first found in the gut. The digestive enzyme pepsin, for example, is stored inside cells and secreted as an inactive precursor enzyme, pepsinogen, which is only cleaved to pepsin in the acid environment of the stomach. The advantage to the host of not being autodigested is obvious.
18. option A
reason:- The membrane-attack complex is made up of the terminal complement components, which assemble to generate a membrane-spanning hydrophilic pore, damaging the membrane.
19. option C

reason:-

Interferon, any of several related proteins that are produced by the body’s cells as a defensive response to viruses. They are useful modulators of the immune response.
Interferon was named for its ability to interfere with viral proliferation. The various forms of interferon are the body’s most rapidly produced and important defense against viruses. Interferons can also combat bacterial and parasitic infections, inhibit cell division, and promote or impede the differentiation of cells. They are produced by all vertebrate animals and possibly by some invertebrates as well.

20. option D

reason:-
These proteins interfere with the viral replication by shutdown the DNA replication whic actually leads to increase in number of virus.

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