As you just learned, horses have bones in their forelimb that have changed throu
ID: 97527 • Letter: A
Question
As you just learned, horses have bones in their forelimb that have changed through time However, vertebrates share common ancestry, and many of them have similar bones, as illustrated in the figure below. Please use Figure 1 to answer questions 5-9 5. Name a homologous structure in the figure Why this a homologous? 6. Name an analogous structure in the figure Why is this an analogous trait? 7. What animal (not shown the figure) might have an analogous structure to a seal'' What would the structure be? 8. Which of these 6 humerus bones is the most ancient (the derived trait)? 9. Why is this figure evidence for evolution?Explanation / Answer
5. Homologous organs are defined as the organs having similar structure and common ancestory but their functions are different. Bird's wing and human arm is the example of homologous structure because both have same structure like humerus, ulna, radius and fingers which indicates their common ancestory but their functions are different as bird uses it for flight and human arm is used for different purposes.
6. Bird and bat wings are analogous as they are used for common purpose that is flight. But bird and bats have not common ancestor. Bat wings shows the presence of flaps of skin stretched between the bones of the fingers and arm while bird wings have feathers extending all along the arm. These structural differences suggest that bird wings and bat wings were not inherited from a common ancestor with wings.
7. Whale's tail fluke serves similar function as the rear flippers of a seal but the seals rear flippers are the modification of hind legs while the whale's tail flukes are the appendages associated with tail vertebrae. Hence they are anlogous to each other.
8. Human humerus is the most ancient.
9. This figure shows similarity in construction. These simililarity was considered by darwin as evidence of evolution.
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