The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled in one breath can be m

Question

The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled in one breath can be measured with a spirometer. It is called the:

a. Vital capacity

b. Total lung capacity

c. Inspiratory reserve volume

d. Expiratory reserve volume

5. In a magnified view of the lung, you can distinguish a bronchus from alveoli by:

a. The presence of cartilage in the bronchial wall

b. The volume of mucus

c. The thinner wall of the bronchus

d. None of the above

6. Rising levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream result in:

a. Rising levels of acidity in the blood

b. An increased breathing rate

c. A drop in blood pH

d. All of the above

Explanation / Answer

4. Option a is correct. Vital capacity is defined by the maximum volume of air which a person can inhaled and expelled with a single deepest breath. It is sum of the expiratory reserve volume (the maximal volume of air, that can be expelled from the lungs after normal expiration), inspiratory reserve volume (the maximal amount of additional air that can be drawn into the lungs by determined effort after normal inspiration), and tidal volume (The amount of air which enters the lungs during normal inhalation at rest). It is measured by regular spirometer.

5. Option a is correct. The inspired air passes through trachea. This trachea divides into two bronchus which further divides into broncheoles. This bronchioles end with a air sac known as alveoli. The bronchus contain cartilage tissue while absent in alveoli.

6. Option d is correct. When level of carbondioxide increases in blood stream the acidity of blood increases because CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid (H2O + CO2 = H2CO3). Hence the pH value decreases. Also breathing rate is increased to compensate the increased level of CO2 (Fast breathing will bring the oxygen molecule in and CO2 out rapidly).

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