What\'s an s, p, or d orbital? 3. How is an ionic bond different from a covalent

Question

What's an s, p, or d orbital? 3. How is an ionic bond different from a covalent bond? In terms of bond strength? Why? Bond polarity 4. What's a polar covalent bond? How do you indicate bond polarity? 5. How would you indicate polarities of different magnitudes? 6. What's the general trend for electronegativity? 7. Given the electronegativity numbers, could you apply them? 8. Can you use formal charge to predict the correct structure? What if there are two "correct" structures? 9. How do Valence Bond Theory and MO theory handle resonance differently?

Explanation / Answer

2. s orbital is spherical, with zero node

p orbital is dumble like with one node and have 3 degenerate orbitals with 2 lobes for each

d orbital is 5 degenerate orbitals, with two nodes

3. Ionic bond is purely electrostatic attraction between two opposite charges but covalent bonds are electron sharing. From coulombs law it is clear that ionic bond is more strong.

4. When in electron sharing a particular atom have high electron density around itself then polarization occurs. It is mainly shown by arrow sign crossed perpendicularly in the tail.

5. Just changing the length of the arrow( above mentioned) , long arrow designates high polarization.

6. Right hand side of periodic table more electronegative element is situated.

7. For example F has electronegative value 4 is greater than H( 2.1).

9. Valence bond suggest resonance is only limited within the participating atoms and bonds but in MO this electron cloud is distributed over the entire molecule but concentrated on the participating atoms.

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