In response to stress, cells have evolved elaborate signaling pathways that enab

Question

In response to stress, cells have evolved elaborate signaling pathways that enable the sensing of imbalances of crucial variables. Complete each statement below by typing the correct answer in each answer box. Please use all capital letters.

1)............................. is a stress response to low oxygen levels and involves the oxygen sensor, HIF1 alpha.

2) ................acts as an indirect sensor of DNA damage caused by double stranded breaks and can trigger cell cycle arrest or apoptosis.

3) When unfolded proteins accumulate in the cytosol, a transcription factor is freed to enter the nucleus and drive the expression of.................... , which inhibits apoptosis. This response pathway is called the...................... response.

4) When amino acid levels are low, the enzyme,.................................... binds uncharged ............................molecules and responds by inhibiting global translation.

5) An accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER is sensed directly by the protein,............................. , rendering it unable to inhibit 3 key membrane proteins: PERK, ATF4, and.................................... .

Please help me filling the gaps..

Explanation / Answer

1) HYPOXIA

2)ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA (ATM)

3)BCL-2 (B-CELL LYMPHOMA 2)

4) SERINE/THREONINE PROTEIN KINASE(GCN2), TRANSFER RNA (tRNA)

5)TRANS MEMBRANE PROTEIN IN THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULA, ATF6

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