Write in brief the essential differences between exothermic and an endothermic r

Question

Write in brief the essential differences between exothermic and an endothermic reaction Indentify if exothermic of endothermic reactions H_2 + I_2 + 12 Kcal rightarrow 2HI CH_4 + 2O_2 rightarrow CO_2 + 213 KCal Predict which of the following reactions are spontaneous CO_2(S) rightarrow CO_2(g) at25 degree c CO_2(g) rightarrow C(S) + O_2(g) at 25 degree c Arrange the following sets of anions in order of increasing ionic radii: Br^-, CI^-, I^- Consider the following bonds : N-8, H-H, Na-F. K-CI. F-CI Rank the bonds in order of increasing polarity Classify each bond as nonpolar covalent, polar covalent or ionic Predict the type of bonding SO_2 Na_O PCI_3 CI_2

Explanation / Answer

1)(a) An exothermic reaction occurs when the temperature of a system increases due to the evolution of heat.This heat is released into the surroundings, resulting in an overall negative quantity for the heat of reaction (qrxn < 0). An endothermic reaction occurs when the temperature of an isolated system decreases while the surroundings of a non-isolated system gains heat. Endothermic reactions result in an overall positive heat of reaction (qrxn > 0).

b) 1st reaction is endothermic because reaction gain heat.

2nd reaction is exothermic because Reactions release heat.

2) i) This is spontaneous at that temperatures, gibbs energy will negetive

ii) non spontaneous delta g will positive

b) Cl- < Br- < I-

3) a) H-H < N-S < F-Cl < K-Cl < Na-F

b) H-H -----> non polar covalent bond (hydrogen bond)

N-S -----> polar covalent bond

F-Cl -------> polar covelent bond

K-Cl -------> polar ionic bond

Na-F --------> polar ionic bond

4) SO2 ---->  non polar covalent bond

Na2O -------> polar ionic bond

PCl3 --------> polar covalent bond

Cl2 ---------> nonpolar covelent bond

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