Which of the following statements about effective nuclear charge for the outermo

Question

Which of the following statements about effective nuclear charge for the outermost valence electron of an atom are incorrect? Why? The effective nuclear charge can be thought of as the true nuclear charge. Effective nuclear charge increases from right to left across a period The effective nuclear charge shows a sudden decrease when go from the end of one period to the beginning of the next in the periodic table The change in effective nuclear charge going down a group is generally less than going across a period in the periodic table

Explanation / Answer

Incorrect statement,

a) Effective nuclear charge can be thought of as true nuclear charge.

Reason -

(i)True nuclear charge (Z) depends on the actual number of protons ( or , Atomic Number of

the atom ) , excluding the shielding effect of inner electrons , while

(ii) effective nuclear charge (Zeffective ) includes shielding effect of negatively charged inner electrons

thereby reducing the nuclear pull or net positive charge over an outermost electron in a

multielectron atom.

Zeffective   = Z - N

where , N represents number of electrons in inner shells ( known as nonvalence electrons also )

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