This is for my Theories of Health Behavior course, there is not a subject for it
ID: 95848 • Letter: T
Question
This is for my Theories of Health Behavior course, there is not a subject for it listed, so I am picking science. I am looking for these definitions. Please and thank you.
I need to check the definitions and if possible an example.
1. Transtheoretical Model Concept
2. Stages of Change
3. Processes of Change
4. Decisional Balance
5. Self-Efficacy
6. Pre-contemplation (definition needs to include time element).
7. Contemplation (definition needs to include time element).
8. Preparation (definition needs to include time element).
9. Action (definition needs to include time element).
10. Maintenance (definition needs to include time element).
11. Consciousness Raising
12. Dramatic Relief
13. Environmental Reevaluation
14. Self-Revaluation
15. Social Liberation
16. Self-Liberation
17. Counter Conditioning
18. Helping Relationships
19. Reinforcement Management
20. Stimulus Control
Explanation / Answer
1. Transtheoretical Model Concept
The Transtheoretical model was developed by Carlo C. DiClemente and J.O. Prochaska in the late 1970s. It is a model of behavior change that analyses a person's decision making. It demonstrates that people can change habitual behavior over a period of time, through a cyclical process, if they are willing to do so. It is a model of intentional change.
2. Stages of Change
Accoerding to Prochaska ad DiClemente, there are five different stages of behavior change:
a. Precontemplation
b. Contemplation
c. Preparation
d. Action
e. Maintenance
a. Precontemplation
People have no intention of making a behavioral change (within the next six months). They do not recognize that their is problematic and negative.
b. Contemplation
People are thinking of changing their behavior within the next six months. They start recognizing that their behavior is problematic and negative. They consider the pros and cons of changing their behavior.
c. Preparation
People start believing that changing to a healthier behavior is good for them. They start taking small measures towards behavior change within the next 30 days.
d. Action
People have changed their behavior within the last six months and continue with it.
e. Maintenance
People have maintained their behavior change for more than six months and continue to keep up with it to prevent relapse.
3. Processes of Change
People use cognitive, affective, and evaluative processes to get through the five stages of change. These processes are as follows:
a. Consciousness raising
This includes raising awareness about the healthy behavior.
b. Dramatic relief
This includes positive or negative emotional arousal about the behavior change.
c. Self-reevaluation
This includes self-reappraisal of healthy behavior and that this behavior is a part of them.
d. Environmental reevaluation
This includes social reappraisal to help realize the social impact of unhealthy behavior.
e. Social liberation
This includes opportunities that show that the society supports the positive behavior change.
f. Self liberation
This includes self commitment and belief to change to healthy behavior.
g. Helping relationships
This includes accepting care fromm other people, trusting them, and using their suport to change to positive behvior.
h. Counterconditioning
This includes substituting bad behaviors with positive things.
i. Stimulus control
This includes removing things that promote unhealthy habits.
j. Reinforcement management
This includes rewarding positive behavior.
4. Decisional Balance
When we make a decision, we go over its pros and cons. Janis and Mann (1977), came up with a tabular decisional balance sheet of pros and cons, helping people make decisions regarding behavior change.
5. Self efficacy
Self efficacy was described by Albert Bandura. It is the belief of people about themselves and their capibility to succeed in different situations and accomplish tasks. It determines how people think, feel, behave, and motivate themselves in different situations.
Self efficacy is influenced by four main factors
a. Mastery experiences
We build up on belief of self efficacy when we continuously succeed at different tasks, persevering, and overcoming obstacles.
b. Vicarious experiences
When we see people like ourselves overcoming difficulties and succeeding eventually, we build up on the belief that we too can succeed.
c. Social persuasion
It involves verbal encouragement, persuading people to believe they can succeed in any activity.
d. Emotional state
Judgement capabilities rely on emotional states also. Stress and tension can diminish self efficacy while positive mood enhances it.
6. Precontemplation
In this stage, people are not serious about change. They are not thinking of changing their behavior in the next six months.. They are not aware or ignore that their behaviour is negative and problematic.
7. Contemplation
In this stage, people are thinking of changing their behavior in the next six months. They are aware of their negative behavior. In this stage, people weigh the pros and cons of changing their behavior and are ambivalent about it.
8. Preparation
In this stage, people attempt to change their behavior. They become determined to change. They take small 30 measures to change within the next days.
9. Action
In this stage, people are actively changing their negative behavior for the last six months. They believe they can change their behavior and are committed to it.
10. Maintenance
This stage involves preventing relapse. People have been able to maintain the change for more than six months. They constantly remind themselves of their progress and reformulate strategies to prevent relapse.
11 Consciousness raising
It involves raising awareness about behaviors and their causes and consequences. Raising awareness may include education, feedback, confrontation, interpretation, bibliotherapy, and media campaingns.
12. Dramatic relief
This is the emotional response to behavior change. Personal testimonies, role playing, warnings, media campaigns can emotionally move people to change their negative behavior.
13. Environmental reevaluation
This invloves assessment, both affective and cognitive, of one's behavior, and how it affects the society and the environment.
14. Self reevaluation
This includes evaluation of one's self with changed behavior and negative behavior, and, appraising the self image of changed positive behavior.
15. Social liberation
This involves increasing public opportunities for ushering in behavior change. For example, smoke free zones in public.
16. Self liberation
It is the belief that one can change and the will power and commitment to act and change.
17. Counter conditioning
It is the process of substituting problem behaviors with healthy behaviors. For example, replacing cigarettes with nicotine.
18. Helping relationships
This involves the social support, care, trust and acceptance needed for healthy behavior change. For example, buddy systems can be social support source.
19. Reinforcement management
This includes rewarding people for self change to reinforce the need for behavior change.
20. Stimulus control
This involves avoiding unhealthy habits andd environmental re-engineering to promote healthy behavior.
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