can someone help me with those questions? Exercise 25 Antimicrobial drugs 52. Wh

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can someone help me with those questions?

Exercise 25 Antimicrobial drugs 52. What are antibiotics? 53. What are antiseptics and disinfectants? 54. What is the relationship between antibiotics and Gram staining? 55. What are antibiotics of broad-spectrum and narrow spectrum? 56. How did you test the effect of antibiotics on bacterial growth in the lab? 57. What are zones of inhibition? What is their relationship with efficacy? 58. How do you determine and what does it mean that a bactericide is of narrow or broad spectrum? 59. Which group of bacteria is most sensitive to the effects of antibiotics? 60. Which is the bacterium with the most overall resistance to chemical agents?

Explanation / Answer

  52. Antiboitics are medicines created to fight infections caused by bacteria. They accomplish this by distroying the bacteria in a variety of ways.
53. Antiseptics and disinfectants are both used to kill or to limit the growth of microorganisms, however, they differ on the place they used.
An antiseptic is used on living tissues and cells to destroy any types of infections which may be living on the tissue. Disinfectants are meant to destroy microorganisms which can infect nonliving objects. Common antiseptics include mouthwash, and yeast infection treatment creams. Disinfectants are commonly found in household cleaning products for kitchens, bathromms, and other commonly touched items where germs are found.
Antiseptics and Disinfectants both work to kill microbes, but antiseptics must also cause little or no harm to the tissues of the body, whereas, disinfectants need not be safe for use on living tissue.
54. Yes there is a relationship between them.
Gram positive bacteria are resistant to certain antibiotics but gram negative bacteria are not. The difference is that gram positive bacteria contain a chemical called peptidoglycan can that makes it harder to break through its cell wall.
55. The term broad specturm antiboitic refers to an antiboitic that acts against wide range of disease causing bacteria. A broad spectrum antibiotic acts against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, in contrast to a narrow-spectrum antiboiotic, which is effective against specific families of bacteria.

56. The purpose of this las is to see how antibiotics affect bacteria. In this activity you will observe the effects of antibiotics on bacteria that were cultured in a petri dish.

This lab shows you one method of measuring the effectinvess of an antimicrobial agent against bacteria grown in culture. This is called the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and here is how it works.

Procedure:

1. Measure the zone of inhibition around each antibiotic disk. To do this, measure the diameter of the zone of inhibiion.

2. Record this data in the appropriate space on your data table.

57. Zone of inhibition:

If an antibiotic stops the bacteria from growing or kills the bacteria, there will be an area around the water where the bacteria have not grown enough to be visible. This is called a zone of inhibition. The size of this zone depends on how effective the antibiotic is at stopping the growth the bacterium.

59. Antibiotic sensitivity profile of bacterial pathogens in postoperative wound infections. Gram postive bacteria susceptible to pencillin.

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