For the questions #1A, 1B and 1C, use information from your textbook( TEXT: Nest
ID: 94352 • Letter: F
Question
For the questions #1A, 1B and 1C, use information from your textbook( TEXT: Nester’s Microbiology, A Human Perspective 8th edition, Denise Anderson, Sarah Salm and Deborah Allen ISBN: 9780073522593) or information researched from the literature online, through OHIOLINK or Pubmed. Provide proper citations for your sources so that I can also find the information that you have used to prepare your responses.
1. A) What are prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics? B) What are the health benefits of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics?
C) In what ways are the commensal bacteria beneficial to our overall health? Be specific and give examples.
Explanation / Answer
1. A)
Live microorganisms which are which when administered in appropriate amounts into the host body provide a health benefit to the host organism is called Prebiotics. Probiotics are generally added to food products like fermented milk products. They can be added single or may be in combinations.
Properties of good probiotics stains are:
Examples of probiotics are Lactobacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Saccromyces boulardii etc.
A group of non digestible food ingredients which beneficially affect the host body by inducing the growth or activity or both of probiotics in gut ia called prebiotics.
Properties of good prebiotics are:
Examples of prebiotic are inulin, galacto-oligosaccharides, oligofructose etc which are found in breast milk, soybeans, chicory roots etc. raw oats, unrefined wheat, unrefined barley, non-digestible carbohydrates etc.
A product which beneficially affects host to improve survival and establishment of live microbial dietary supplements in gastrointestinal tract with the help of specifically stimulating growth or activating metabolism of probiotics called Synbiotics.
Lacbobacilli, Bifidobacteria spp, S. boulardii, B. Coagulans etc probitics are used to prepare synbiotics along with these fructooligosaccharide (FOS),xyloseoligosaccharide (XOS), inulin etc prebiotics.
B) Health benefits of probiotics:
Probiotics provides protection against many diseases like diarrhea, constipation, changes in bile salt conjugation, enhancement of antibacterial activity etc.
They help in the synthesis of nutrients as well as improve their bioavailability.
They also protects against some deadly disease like cancer, AIDS, respiratory and urinary tract infections etc.
Health benefits of prebiotics:
Prebiotics play a beneficial role in controlling Inflammatory bowel disorder.
They are highly useful in alleviating symptoms of inflammatory conditions.
Prebiotics also helps to enhance the hypeprcholesterolemic activity.
Health benefits of Synbiotic:
They help to increase levels of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and thus play a vital role in balancing gut microbiota.
They help to improve liver function in cirrhotic patients.
They help to prevent bacterial translocation.
C) The normal indigenous microbiota which consists of micro-organisms located on body surfaces covered by epithelial cells and are exposed to the external environment like gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, vagina, skin, etc. called commensal bacteria or microflora. In these relation one get benefitted other remains unaffected.
For example E. coli stays in human gut helps in digestion process by breaking down the undigested monosaccharide sugars. They also produce vitamin K and biotin required for different cellular activities.
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