It doesn\'t need to be an essay, few sentences would be fine. In the nitrogen cy
ID: 937953 • Letter: I
Question
It doesn't need to be an essay, few sentences would be fine. In the nitrogen cycle, di-nitrogen is converted to ammonia as the fertilizer for crop growth (known as "nitrogen fixation"). Ammonia is then transformed to nitrite or nitrate (known as "nitrification"). Nitrite and nitrate are transported in soil or water environment. Plants take nitrogen nutrients in the forms of nitrate-, nitrite- or ammonium-ions. Nitrites and nitrates are eventually decomposed to nitrogen by denitrifying bacteria or crops. Please write an assay (12 point fount. Times New' Roman, I inch for all margins). In this assay, you need to identify the current challenges in the food-energy-water nexus sustainability in the nitrogen cycle. For example, what is the current industrial process for nitrogen fixation? How much is carbon dioxide emitted to the atmosphere in the world due to the current industrial nitrogen fixation? Is there any potential solution (alternative renewable energy conversion process) to nitrogen fixation in order to reduce the carbon dioxide emission and the energy supply? The nitrogen nutrient has caused pollution to the aquatic environment. What arc the current methods for cleanup of nitrogen nutrient pollutants? Is there any better solution for remediation of nitrogen nutrient pollutants?
Explanation / Answer
The Haber process, also called the Haber–Bosch process, is an artificial nitrogen fixation process and is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia today. The process converts atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) by a reaction with hydrogen (H2) using a metal catalyst under high temperatures and pressures:
N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3 (H = 92.4 kJ·mol1)
although ammonia itself contains no carbon, consumes between between 3 to 5% of the world supply of natural gas, and about 2% of the world energy demand overall.
The two reactions that are critical for ammonia peoductions are
CH4 + 2H2O4H2 + CO2
N2 + 3H22NH3
The first reaction is simply the methane analogue of the “water gas” reaction,
The reactions can be summed and adjusting for stoichiometry
3CH4 + 6H2O +4 N2 3CO2 +8NH3
so for 8 moles of ammonia (MW = 17) produces 3 moles of CO2 (MW = 48) are produced. This is only the CO2 produced for Hydrogen and not considering the CO2 produced to generate energy
The Haber process now produces 450 million tonnes of nitrogen fertilizer per year, which implies that we will be producing upwards of 450 million tonnes of CO2 also.
As there is no other way to get the hydrogen this amount of CO2 will be generated by this process.
Humans have massively altered the natural flows of nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients. While this has had huge benefits for world food production, it has caused water and air pollution that is damaging human health, causing toxic algal blooms, killing fish, threatening sensitive ecosystems and contributing to climate change.
A 20% improvement in nutrient use efficiency would reduce the annual use of nitrogen fertilizer by 20 million tonnes.
Improve the management of nutrients in agriculture, including crops, livestock and manure management.
Reduce nutrient losses from industry and waste water treatment, including the recycling of available resources.
Improve local optimization of nutrient flows, connecting livestock farming to improve nutrient recycling.
Lowering personal consumption of animal protein among populations.
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