1. A. Write equations that show the processes that describe the first, second, a
ID: 933278 • Letter: 1
Question
1. A. Write equations that show the processes that describe the first, second, and third ionization energies of a boron atom. (firts stage)
B. Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer. (second stage)
C. Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer. (third Stage)
2. A. Within this analogy, discuss how the shielding by core electrons is analogous to putting a frosted-glass lampshade between the lightbulb and your eyes, as shown in the illustration.
B. Explain how we could mimic moving to the right in a row of the periodic table by changing the wattage of the lightbulb.
3. How can we use the concept of effective nuclear charge to explain 4s electron in an As atom?
Explanation / Answer
Answer:
1.
B + IE1 B+1 + 1e-
B+1 + + IE2 B+2 + 1e-
B+2+ IE3 B+3 + 1e-
Where IE1<IE2<IE3
2.
With the increase in positive charge on the atom the Ionization energy required is getting increased, as the number of valence electrons are decreasing but number of protons (nuclear charge) remains and thus attraction force on the valence electrons increased.
3.
Electronic configuration of As = [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p3
From the electronic configuration it is clear that it can lose 3 valence electrons from 4p valence shell due to poor sheilding effect of 3d sub-shell, but after that it cannot lose electrons from 3d sub-shell due to good sheilding effect caused by 4s sub-shell.
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