1. The figures in this paper each correspond to the results from entirely differ
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Question
1. The figures in this paper each correspond to the results from entirely different experiments, asking entirely different questions. For both figures, explain WHY the experiment was performed, and how the results answered the experimenters' question. – Note: I'm asking about the experiments performed, not the figures themselves. (Note: I am referring to the FIGURES, not the tables)
figure 1:
figure 2:
2. What are the implications of this research? What specific applications would this have in the lab and in clinical settings?
Veterinary Parasitology 205 (2014) 300-306 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Veterinary Parasitology ELSEVIER journal homepage www.elsevier.com/locate/vet par Occurrence of Dipylidium caninum in fleas from client-owned Cross Mark cats and dogs in Europe using a new PCR detection assay Frédéric Beugnet a,* Michel Labuschagne b, Josephus Fourie b, Jacques Guillot Robert Farkasd, Vasile Cozma e, Lénaig Halosa, Klaus Hellmann. Martin Knausg, Steffen Rehbeing Merial SA-S, 29 Av Tony Garnier, 69007 lyon, France b ClinVet,Box 86. Universitas, Bloemfontein, 9321, Republic of South Africa Ecole Vétérinaire de Maisons-Alfort, 94704 Maisons-Alfort Cédex, France Szent Istvan University, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Budapest, Hungary Veterinary Faculty, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Klifovet AG, Geyerspergenstr. 27, 80689 Munchen, Germany erial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr 8-12, 3101 Rohrdorf Germany ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO Article history Ctenocephalides fleas are not only the most prevalent ectoparasites of dogs and cats but Received 18 April 2014 also the intermediate host of the cestode Dipylidium caninum. Due to the poor sensitivity Received in revised form 4J une 2014 coproscopy to diagnose cat and dog infestation by Dipylidium, few epidemiological data of Accepted 5 June 2014 are available on its prevalence among pet populations. A new PCR method was developed to specifically identify D caninum rDNAinside single fleas. The PCR test was then applied to Keywords 5529 fleas of Ctenocephalides genus, 2701 Ctenocephalides felis fleas (1969 collected on 435 Dipylidium caninum cats and 732 on 178 dogs) and 2828 Ctenocephalides canis fleas collected from 396 dogs Ctenocephalides felis Precisely, 4.37% of cats were infested by a flea population infected with D. caninum. Out of Ctenocephalides canis he 1969 felis from cats, 2.23% were found to be infected with Dipylidium. From the 396 Cats dogs infested with C. canis, 9.1%% were infested with the Dipylidium infected fleas, which Dogs s significantly higher than the observation made in cats (p 0.03). Moreover, 3.1% of the C canis fleas were found to be infected with Dipylidium, which is not significantly different than in C felis. Looking at the number of infected fleas in the positive samples (at least one PCR pos ve fea in a sample), the infestation rate in samples was varied from 3 to 100% with an average of 19.7% which is in favour of easy and regular Dipylidium reinfestations of both cats and dogs in households. For the first time, the spread of D. caninum between fleas and dogs and cats is confirmed throughout Europe O 2014 Elsevier BV. All rights reserved et al., 2000; Dryden and Rust, 1984; Franc et al., 1998 1. Introduction Mircean et al., 2010; Rust and Dryden, 1997) Neverthe- The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, is the main flea species less, the prevalence of Ctenocephalides canis appears to be infesting both dogs and cats (Bond et al., 2007; Cadiergues greater than previously believed in many regions, espe- cially in central and eastern Europe where C canis is the predominant flea species infesting dogs (Xhaxhiu et a 2009: Farkas et al., 2009). Even in areas where C felis felis Corresponding author. Tel.: +0033 687748983 appears to be predominant, the prevalence of canis in dog fax: +0033 472723298 populations may still vary from 10 to 12.5% like in France E-mail address: frederic beugnet@merial.com (F. Beugnet. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wetpar.2014.06.008 0304-4017/9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reservedExplanation / Answer
From this research article, the experimenter requires to optimise the PCR condition for the primers designed and identify the specificity of the assay.
They then use the optimised PCR assay condition for detection of D. caninum from flea samples obtained from various cats and dogs.
To identify the minimun detection limit, serially diluted samples from D.caninum were used. Specific PCR conditions were applied and the products resolved using electrophoresis and documented. Figure 1 depicts the clarity of the DNA bands at different dilutions. From this gel figure diliution of 21.3 fg was fouind to be reliable.
Experimenter's then use this detection assay for detecting 94 samples of D.caninum . The intentiojn of this is to confirm the specificity of the primers and the samples used. Figure 2 depicts the results of this 94 samples clearly indicating that the aim of the experimenter is achieved by showing clear and reliable results.
Based on these two figures the researcher is able to have an authenticated detection assay. Now they further implement this PCR detection assay on several samples of D. caninum collected from several samples of dogs and cats.
This research can be implemented in identifying the D. caninum species from various flea samples on cats and dogs as the PCR technique is specific to the D.caninum .
The reliable optimised PCR conditions from this research work can be specifically applied in the clinical lab for the specfiic detection of D.canium species.
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