For each cellular mechanism described, state if the cell is using passive or act

Question

For each cellular mechanism described, state if the cell is using passive or active transport to accomplish the task. a. Movement of molecules from an area of low to high concentration b. Requires energy c. Movement of molecules from an area of high energy to low energy d. Movement of molecules through the lipid bilayer without a transporter Na^+, Ca^++, and Cl^- can be transported through ion channels in a cell membrane. Place these three ions in order from the smallest driving force (said otherwise a gradient) to the largest. Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The bacterium enters the body, usually in contaminated water or food washed in contaminated water. It has a short incubation period and produces cholera toxin that causes a copious, watery diarrhea that can quickly lead to severe dehydration and death if not treated promptly. This toxin causes the cells lining the intestines to secrete Cl- into the intestinal lumen. This is followed by movement of Na+. Explain why sodium ion enter the lumen of the intestines. a. sodium is attracted to the lumen due to the chemical force of chloride ions b. sodium is attracted to the lumen because it is transported across the membrane by a secretory vesicle. c. sodium is attracted to the lumen due to the negative electrical force built up by the chloride ions. d. sodium is attracted to the lumen due to the positive electrical force built up by the chloride ions. e. Sodium is attracted to the lumen to reduce the concentration of chloride ions in the lumen Many drugs (such as those found in birth control pills) are able to make their way into the cells more effectively because of their chemical composition with no assistance of a protein. What is the chemical nature of these drugs? a. Hydrophobic b. Hydrophilic c. Large proteins d. Small proteins e. High glucose content

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

1) For each cellular mechanism described, state if the cell is using passive or active transport to accomplish the task

2) Na+, Ca++ and Cl- can be transported through ion channels in a cell membrane. Place these three ions in order from the smallest driving force (said otherwise a gradient) to the largest.

3) Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium vibrio cholera. The bacterium enters the body, usually in contaminated water or food washed in contaminated water. It has a short incubation period and produces cholera toxin that causes a copious, watery diarrhea that can quickly lead to severe dehydration and death if not treated promptly. This toxin causes the cells lining the intestines to secrete Cl- into the intestinal lumen. This is followed by movement of Na+ . Explain why sodium ions enter the lumen of the intestines.

4) Many drugs (such as those found in the birth control pills) are able to make their way into the cells more effectively because of their chemical composition with no assistance of a protein. What is the chemical nature of these drugs?

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