Question 43 Which of the following reaction in glycolysis requires ATP as a subs
ID: 92498 • Letter: Q
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Question 43 Which of the following reaction in glycolysis requires ATP as a substrate? Hexokinase Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase Aldolase Phosphoglycerate kinase O te kinase Question 44 Which of the following effects occurs in liver in response to elevated blood glucagon levels? Decreased CAMP levels Decreased fructose 2,6 bisphosphate (F2,6BP) levels Decreased fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-1) activity Increased phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) activity Increased pyruvate kinase (PK) activity 2 pts 2 ptsExplanation / Answer
37 Glycerophospholipids contain two fatty acids attached via ester bonds and polarhead group
The alcohol here is glycerol, to which two fatty acids and a phosphoric acid are attached as esters.The two fatty acid chains attached to the molecule of gycerol are nonpolar hence hydrophobic while the polar heads which mainly consists of the phosphate group attached to the third carbon of the glycerol molecule is hydrophilic.
38 All the above steps are involved
Beta adrenergic receptor. Is activated by Beta adrenergic receptor kinase activated by protein kinase which will then stimulate adenyl cyclase to make cAMP will phosphorylate serine and threonine residues on receptor. Through GTP hydrolysis phosphate is removed from protein kinase transfer of the terminal phosphate of ATP to a hydroxyl group. For GTP hydrolysis GTP binding protein is essential.
39 It migrates to nucleus and initiates transcription
It is capable of shuttling to the nucleus to serve as a transcriptional coregulator. Adaptor protein serves as a platform for the recruitment of a wide variety of signaling molecules involved in diverse cellular responses, such as actin cytoskeletal reorganization, cell adhesion and migration, antiapoptotic signaling, osteoclast sealing zone formation and transcriptional control.
40 Pheripheral proteins bound by electrostatic interactions
These interactions are strongest all other interaction may be weaken upon change of protein lipid bilayer and any conformational change may cause weaken interaction bilayer membranes.
41 Agonist mimic the effect of natural ligand
They don’t mimic the natural ligand but may cause deviations in GPCR and cause mutations with different rather than mimic one.
42 Ephinephrine binding the beta adrenergic receptor activates Gsa by replacement of GDP to GTP,activated Gsa activates adenyl cylase resulting in synthesis of cAMP,cAMP activates protein kinase
The activated Protein kinase A then goes on to phosphorylate myosin light chain kinase, which causes smooth muscle relaxation
43 Hexokinase
In signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. Hexokinase is the most common enzyme that makes use of glucose when it first enters the cell. It converts D-glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by transferring the gamma phosphate of an ATP to the C6 position during this ATP is consumed and ADP is released.
44 Increase phosphofructokinase-1 (PF-1) activity
Phosphofructokinase activity is very important in mammalian glycolytic pathway the activity of the enzyme increases when the cellular ATP/AMP ratio is lowered whenever there is low levels of glucose in blood and high levels of glucagon glycolysis in initiated and stored glycogen is converted to glucose in which phosphofructokinase play an important role converting fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1,6 bisphosphate.
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