The table shows responses to anti-A and anti-B sera for some, but not all, of th

Question

The table shows responses to anti-A and anti-B sera for some, but not all, of the individuals in the pedigree. A minus sign (-) indicates incompatibility and clumping of blood cells when exposed to a sera: a plus sign (+) indicates compatibility and no dumping. On the basis of the information, match all the individuals on the left to the correct blood type to review inheritance of the ABO blood types. Notice that individuals II-2 and II-3 declined blood tests, and therefore you will have to deduce their genotypes and phenotypes from the ether information that you have. I-1 I-4 II-1 I-2 II-2 III-1 I-3 II-3 a. Type A b. Type O c. Type B d. Type AB

Explanation / Answer

Given that (-) indicates incompatibility and clumping of blood cells when exposed to sera and (+) indicates compatibility and no clumping of blood cells when exposed to sera.

As a general rule, If blood cells agglutinate (clump formation) in

So, using this information and the given table, we can find out the blood groups of respective individuals. These are
I-1 = blood group Type O

I-2 = blood group Type B

I-3 = blood group Type A

I-4 = blood group Type O

II-1 = blood group Type O

III-1 = blood group Type B

III-2 = blood group Type AB

Now, from the pedigree chart, it is clear that II-2 individual is produced by the mating of I-1 and I-2 and II-3 individual is produced by the mating of I-3 and I-4.

First case, Parents : I-1    X I-2
       Blood type: Type O           Type B
                  Alleles:    ii                      IBi    genotype
             Offsprings:   ii and IBi
This means that the offspring (II-2) either have type O or type B blood group.

Second case, Parents: I-3     X     I-4
                Blood type: type A         type O
             Alleles:   IAi                ii        genotype
                Offsprings:    IAi or ii
This means that the offspring (II-3) either have type O or type A blood group.

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