Isocitric acid is an intermediate product produced during the Krebs cycle, based

Question

Isocitric acid is an intermediate product produced during the Krebs cycle, based on the figure above answer the following questions: a. In the redox reaction depicted in figure 2, which compound is being reduced, and how did you determine this? b. In the redox reaction depicted in figure 2, which compound is being oxidized, and how did you determine this? Assume you are working for a chemical company and are responsible for growing a yeast culture that produces ethanol. The yeasts are growing well on the maltose medium but are not producing alcohol. Why?

Explanation / Answer

2. a A )

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.here NAD is reduced to NADH ( here reduction means addition of hydrogens ).

2. b A ) which involves oxidation of isocitrate (a secondary alcohol) to oxalosuccinate (a ketone), followed by the decarboxylation of the carboxyl group beta to the ketone, forming alpha-ketoglutarate.

3 A ) When media is in contact with the air (or oxygen), the yeast cells are in reproductive "budding" mode. When the media has a very limited oxygen supply, then it goes into "fermentation" mode. Maltose is preferred for budding. Glucose is preferred for fermentation. simply we can say that when we use maltose it is contact with air and it is undergoing budding mode.

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