Timed Test This test has a time limit of 1 hour and 5 minutes. This test will sa

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Timed Test This test has a time limit of 1 hour and 5 minutes. This test will save and submit automatically when the time expires. Warnings appear when half the time, 5 minutes, 1 minute, and 30 seconds remain. Multiple Attempts Not allowed. This test can only be taken once. Force Completion This test can be saved and resumed at any point until time has expired. The timer will continue to run if you leave the test. Remaining Time: 45 minutes, 36 seconds. In the 1930s a compound called DNP 2.4 was prescribed to help people lose weight. what affects does DNP have on the proton gradient across the inner membrane and on ATP synthesis? Select all that apply. Proton motive force is increased ATP synthesis decreases Proton motive force is eliminated ATP synthesis increases Moving to another question will save this response.

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

1.ATP synthesis decreases.(DNP interferes with the final energy production pathway by preventing the uptake of inorganic phosphate molecules into the mitochondria )

2.proton motive force decrease(DNP also acts as a chemical ionophore, stopping the final energy conversion by exporting the proton ions (H+) needed for ATP production across the mitochondrial membrane by increasing the basal leak of protons . This shift in the proton electrochemical gradient then results in potential energy dissipating as heat, instead of being converted to ATP, with rapid consumption of calories . The heat production represents a failure in thermoregulatory homeostasis, leading to uncontrolled hyperthermia).

Effects of DNP:

DNP decreases the formation of high-energy phosphate bonds in mitochondria and at the same time stimulates systemic oxygen consumption [23]. This dissociative effect is known as uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production is the final product of the tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle in mitocondria along with CO2 and H2O. During glycolysis, there is a net production of two ATP molecules, but the majority of energy-rich phosphate bonds (38 in total) are produced during the final oxidative phosphorylation process. During this final phase, ATP synthetase converts adenosinediphosphate to ATP with the addition of an inorganic phosphate molecule. DNP interferes with the final energy production pathway by preventing the uptake of inorganic phosphate molecules into the mitochondria [24, 25]. This results in the inhibition of all energy-requiring processes and the extra-mitochondrial accumulation of inorganic phosphate [26]. DNP also acts as a chemical ionophore, stopping the final energy conversion by exporting the proton ions (H+) needed for ATP production across the mitochondrial membrane by increasing the basal leak of protons [12]. This shift in the proton electrochemical gradient then results in potential energy dissipating as heat, instead of being converted to ATP, with rapid consumption of calories [27, 28]. The heat production represents a failure in thermoregulatory homeostasis, leading to uncontrolled hyperthermia.

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