Non-specific immunity questions Describe the three lines of defense of our immun

Question

Non-specific immunity questions Describe the three lines of defense of our immune system. What are the goals of the first line of defense? Describe the function and characteristics of Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes. Which of the following blood cells function primarily as phagocyte? A. Eosinophils B. Basophils C. Lymphocytes D. Neutrophils How does the second line of defense distinguish "self" from "non-self (pathogens)"? Make sure to use the terms PAMP and TLR or PRR in your answer. Toll like receptors are proteins on____. A. phagocytes that recognize foreign molecules B. viruses that stimulate immune reactions C. skin cells that provide barriers to infections D. lymphocytes that damage parasitic worms

Explanation / Answer

Answer 4) The three lines of defense of our immune system are as follows

Answer 2) The goal of the first line of defense is to prevent the entry of microorganisms and pathogens into the body which may be responsible for causing several diseases.

Answer 3) The function and characteristics of following white blood cells are given below

Answer 7) The correct answer is option (D) Neutrophils.
Because they are the most abundant (around 50-70%) circulating WBC's, first cells that reach the infection site and hence, acts as the first line of defense against infections and invading pathogens. So, the primary function of neutrophils is phagocytosis.

White blood cells Characteristics Function a) Neutrophils

• Multilobed nucleus
• Granulated cytoplasm
• Irregular-shaped nuclei
• constitute 50%-70% of the circulating WBC's
• stain by both basic and acidic dyes.

• The first cells recruited at the site of infection
• To phagocytize and destroy the invading pathogens.

b) Eosinophils

• Bilobed nucleus
• Granulated cytoplasm
• constitute 2%-5% of WBC's

• activate defense mechanisms against parasitic infections

c) Basophils

• Single-lobed nucleus
• granulated cytoplasm
• stain with basic methylene blue dye.

• These are non-phagocytic cells and release histamine, prostaglandins, serotonin etc to cause allergic responses.
• have high-affinity receptors for antibody IgE.

d) Monocytes

• mononuclear phagocytic cells

• Differentiates into macrophages and dendritic cells in response to inflammation.
• have bacteriocidal activity.

e) Lymphocytes

• mononuclear leukocytes
• constitutes 20-40% of total WBC's
• These are of three types namely B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells.

• They are responsible for the production of antibodies.
• They provide immunologic memory against pathogenic antigens.provides protection against intracellular pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, etc.
• have to ability to activate macrophages and cytotoxic T-cells to kill infected target cells.

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