Extraction Lab Report Organic Chemistry 1. Why would ethyl alcohol not be a good

Question

Extraction Lab Report Organic Chemistry

1. Why would ethyl alcohol not be a good solvent to use with water in an extraction?

2. How does the extraction procedure differ when the organic phase is (a) less dense than water and (b) more dense than water? What differences did you observe between the two drying agents that you used in today's lab extraction procedures?

*Drying agents used: Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate & Anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate

3. Describe a procedure that might be used to seperate p-dichlorobenzene (a neutral compound) from p-chloroaniline (a basic compound) by extraction. Be specific!

Explanation / Answer

1. Why would ethyl alcohol not be a good solvent to use with water in an extraction?
i. Ethanol and water are miscible and does not separate into two different phases.
ii. Also they form azeotrope, so we cannt obtain 100% pure separation by distillation.

2. How does the extraction procedure differ when the organic phase is
(a) less dense than water and
Solvents will separate as the top layer

i.squeeze the pipet and insert into bottom layer and suck the aqueous lower layer
ii. again add the organic phase, mix and repeat the above operation to achieve complete extraction
iii. If you use separatory funnel, open the stopcock and drain the lower layer till the upper
layer reaches the stopcock

(b) more dense than water
Solvents will separate as the bottom layer

i. squeeze the pipet and insert into bottom layer and suck the organic phase
ii.If you use separatory funnel, open the stopcock and drain the lower layer till the upper
layer reaches the stopcock

2. What differences did you observe between the two drying agents:
Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate:
Effective water removal at equilibrium is low.
Time required for drying is medium.

Anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate:
Effective water removal at equilibrium is medium.
drying is rapid, so time required for drying is small.

3. Describe a procedure that might be used to separate p-dichlorobenzene (a neutral compound)
from p-chloroaniline (a basic compound) by extraction.

A solution of hydrochloric acid was added to the mixture.
The p-chloroaniline forms a hydrochloride salt, and this is extracted into the aqueous layer.
Then add NaOH to the extracted aqueous layer to precipitate p-chloroaniline.

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