1) If a 65kg female drinks 500 ml of water, will she induce osmoreceptor activit
ID: 89881 • Letter: 1
Question
1) If a 65kg female drinks 500 ml of water, will she induce osmoreceptor activity?
Select one:
a. Yes, because there is a 4.4% change in Osmolarity.
b. Yes, because there is a 2.4 % change in Osmolarity.
c. No, because there is a 1.4% change in Osmolarity.
d. No, because there is a 0.7 % change in Osmolarity.
2) Samantha had carefully placed the urinometer into a urinometer cylinder. Due to the lack of volume of urine available, the urinometer was sitting at the bottom of the cylinder. What is the measured specific gravity?
Select one:
a. 1.000
b. 0.000
c. 1.015-1.025
d. no data was recorded
e. it depends on where the meniscus is crossing the urinometer
3)The main functions of the distal and proximal tubules are (select one or more):
Select one or more:
a. Reabsorption of large proteins and ions
b. Filtration of large proteins and red blood cells
c. Secretion of glucose and ions
d. Reabsorption of ions and water
e. Secretion and reabsorption of waste products and toxins
f. Secretion of ions and water
4) Which of the following might you expect to be positive in a Labstix assay of the urine of someone who has been fasting?
Select one:
a. presence of ketones in the urine
b. presence of proteins in the urine
c. presence of glucose in the urine
d. none of the above
e. all of the above
Explanation / Answer
Answer
1. Osmoreceptor is a sensory receptor found in the hypothalamus and detects changes in the osmotic pressure. Osmoreceptors are also found in the kidneys and there they modulate the osmolality. Osmoreceptors are responsible for osmoregulation and regulate fluid balance in the body.
When a 65kg woman drinks water of about 500 mL there would be a significant increase in the urine flow, renal plasma flow, and filtration rate. There would be significant decrease of about 200 ml approximately 1.4 % of the body weight but the specific gravity or osmolarity (1200 mosm/l) are not changed.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (c).
2. When doing urine analysis, the specific gravity of the water is used as a standard and water has a specific gravity of about 1.000. If the urine is in less volume and the urinometer is touching the bottom of the cylinder, the urinometer would show a specific gravity of 1.000.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (a).
3. The proximal convoluted tubule regulates the reabsorption of water and solutes whereas the distal tubule reabsorbs water and electrolytes.
Therefore, the correct answers are option (a) and (d).
4. The labstix analysis of urines is used to detect the pathological changes in the urine. This test is used to detect the presence of proteins, ketones, glucose, nitrates, bilirubin, hemoglobin, urobilinogen, acetone, and leucocytes.
The urine sample collected from a patient who is fasting and then there would be an increase in fat metabolism in this patient. In this condition, the carbohydrates are not metabolized and as a result of fasting the ketone bodies are not metabolized completely and these are found as by-products which are eliminated through urine.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (a).
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