The art of making bread and wine is thousands of years old. What energy-releasin

Question

The art of making bread and wine is thousands of years old. What energy-releasing pathway is responsible for both these legacies of human culture. a. aerobic respiration b. alcoholic fermentation c. lactate fermentation d. glycolysis e. none of the above. The emperor penguins of Antarctica live on a diet of fish and crustaceans obtained from the cold Antarctic seawaters. During their annual breeding cycle, however, they migrate across the frozen continent to their breeding grounds 50 miles away from the sea. For more than 2 months, the male penguins care for and incubate the eggs while the females return to the sea to feed. During this time the males can lose up to 50% of their biomass. Where did this biomass go? a. The mass was released as CO_2 and H_2O b. The mass was converted to energy and used up. c. The mass was converted into ATP molecules d. The mass was broken down to amino acids and eliminated from the body. e. The mass was converted to urine and feces and eliminated from the body. A potted geranium plant is kept watered in a dark closet. After a week it will weigh: a. less because it is still respiring. b. less because no photosynthesis is occurring. c. more because the light independent Calvin cycle continues. d. the same because no biomass is produced. e. more because it still has access to water and nutrients in the soil. Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place? a. grana b. stroma c. outer membrane d. cristae

Explanation / Answer

29

Option is [b]

The end product of glycolysis, pyruvate, undergo the process of decarboxylated dehydrogenation, and converted into the acetyldehyde. Acetyladehyd is than converted into the ethanol by accepting electron from NADH.

30

Option [a]

During the period of no food, the body consume reserve carbohydrate and fat and at last protein. Since the body weight loss only up to 50%, chances are there to combustion of carbohydrate and fat and in these two substrate the end product is CO2 and H2O along with the release of energy.

31

Option [d]

During this period, dark reaction might be completed but some amount could be exhausted in respiration. The overall biomass increases only by the addition of CO2 and water. Though water is already provided but in absence of light it couldn’t be translated to glucose. Therefore, it can be said that there is no gain or loss in weight.

32

Option [a]

Light reaction is conducted by pigments chlorophyll etc, present in thylakoid of granum.

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