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Definitions Complete the definitions in Table 6. Table 6. Definitions Item Defin

ID: 885706 • Letter: D

Question

Definitions Complete the definitions in Table 6.

Table 6. Definitions

Item

Definition

equivalent protons in 1H NMR

equivalent carbons in 13C NMR

quintet signals in 1H NMR

decarboxylation of polyacids

anhydride formation from two acids

aromatic substitution with Br2

aromatic substitution with acid chlorides

reaction of amines and acid chlorides

Item

Definition

equivalent protons in 1H NMR

equivalent carbons in 13C NMR

quintet signals in 1H NMR

decarboxylation of polyacids

anhydride formation from two acids

aromatic substitution with Br2

aromatic substitution with acid chlorides

reaction of amines and acid chlorides

Explanation / Answer

Definations:

equivalent protons in 1H NMR : These are a set of protons having same electronic environment. Hence, they give rise to a single 1H NMR signal instead of two different.

equivalent carbons in 13C NMR: Similarly, in 13C NMR, two different carbons surrounded by same electronic environment are called equivalent carbons.

quintet signals in 1H NMR : A signal arising by a type of proton surrounded by 4 different protons, hence the multiplicity comes (n+1)= 5, i.e., a quintet signal.

decarboxylation of polyacids: Polyacids upon heating give up carbon dioxide from each carboxylic acid quivalent. The process is called decarboxylation.

anhydride formation from two acids: Two acids undergo a condensation reaction (release of water), to form an anhydride, which has C(=O)-O-C(=O) type of bonding betwwen the carbon and oxyden.

aromatic substitution with Br2 : Bromine undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution, in which a Br+ ion from Br2, is subtituted by a proton or any electrophile on the aromatic ring.

aromatic substitution with acid chlorides: Acid chlorides in presence of AlCl3 forms electrophiles which further undergoes electrophilic substition reactions on an aromatic system.

reaction of amines and acid chlorides: Amine attack as nucleophiles on acid chlorides, in a nucleophilic substitution reaction to respective amide bonds -C(=O)-NH-.

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