Substituents on an aromatic ring can have several effects on electrophillic arom
ID: 885206 • Letter: S
Question
Substituents on an aromatic ring can have several effects on electrophillic aromati substitution reactions. Substituents can activate or deactivate the ring to substitution, donate or withraw electrons inductively, dontate or withdraw electrons through resonance, and direct substitution either to the ortho/para or to the meta positions. From the following lists, select the substituiets that have the indicated property. The substituiets are written -XY, where X is the atom directly bound to the aromatic ring.
Activation of the ring towards subsitution: CH3, NHCOCH3, NO2, CF3
Withdrawal of electrons through resonance: OCH3,COOH,SO3H, NH2
Ortho/Para-directed substitutions: CN, CH3, F, COOH, OH
Please explain. Thank you!
Explanation / Answer
1. -CH3
It direct substitution to the ortho/para positions by activate the ring to substitution, and donate electrons inductively.
2. -NHCOCH3
It direct substitution to the ortho/para positions by activate the ring to substitution, and donate electrons inductively.
3.
-NO2
It direct substitution to the meta position by deactivate the ring to substitution, and withdraw electrons inductively
4.
- CF3
It direct substitution to the meta position by deactivate the ring to substitution, and withdraw electrons inductively
5.
- OCH3
It direct substitution to the ortho/para positions by activate the ring to substitution, and donate electrons inductively.
6.
-COOH
It direct substitution to the meta position by deactivate the ring to substitution, and withdraw electrons inductively.
7.
- SO3H
It direct substitution to the meta position by deactivate the ring to substitution, and withdraw electrons inductively.
8.
-NH2
It direct substitution to the ortho/para positions by activate the ring to substitution, and donate electrons inductively.
9.
-CN
It direct substitution to the ortho/para positions by activate the ring to substitution, and donate electrons inductively.
10.
CH3
It direct substitution to the ortho/para positions by activate the ring to substitution, and donate electrons inductively.
11.
-F
It direct substitution to the meta position by deactivate the ring to substitution.
12.
-COOH
It direct substitution to the meta position by deactivate the ring to substitution, and withdraw electrons inductively.
13.
-OH
It direct substitution to the ortho/para positions by activate the ring to substitution, and donate electrons inductively.
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