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1A. A sample of lard was isolated from a Super-Jumbo order of Burger Emporium fr

ID: 883680 • Letter: 1

Question

1A.

A sample of lard was isolated from a Super-Jumbo order of Burger Emporium french fries. The mass was separately determined five times as 30, 30, 52, 34 and 32 mg. Calculate the Q value for the highest measurement. Round your answer correctly to 2 decimal places, include the leading zeros.

b.True/False: The 52 mg measurement is statistically different than the others at the 90% confidence level.

c.Keeping or rejecting the 52 mg measurement (depending on the results of the Q-test), calculate the mean of the modified data set. (Report answer to 1 decimal place and with NO units.)

d.Calculate the estimated standard deviation of the modified data set. (Report to 1 decimal place and with NO units.)

Explanation / Answer

Dixon's Q-test for detection of a single outlier in a data set.

The test is applied as follows:

(i) The N values comprising the set of observations under examination are arranged in ascending order:

X1 < X2 < …… XN-1 < XN

(ii) The statistic experimental Q-value (Qexp) is calculated as follows.

It is a ratio defined as the difference of the suspect value from its nearest one divided by the range of the values (Q = rejection quotient). Thus, for testing XN (as possible outlier) we use the following equation to calculate Qexp:

Qexp = XN – XN-1 / XN – X1

(iii) The obtained Qexp value is then compared to the critical Q-value (Qcrit) or Q-test value (Qtest) found in tables. This critical/test value should correspond to the confidence level (CL) we have decided to run the test (usually: CL=95%).

Answer for a)

As per the above notes the given mass values are arranged in increasing order as shown below:

30, 30, 32, 34, and 52

Qvalue for 52 = 52-34 / 52-30 = 0.82

Answer for b) True

The 52 mg measurement is statistically different than the others at the 90% confidence level as calculated value (0.82) for 52 mg measurement is higher than critical Q-value (Qcrit) or Q-test (Qtest) found in tables (0.64).

Answer for c)

The mean of the modified data set = 30+30+32+34 / 4 = 31.5

Answer for d)

Estimated standard deviation of the modified data set:

Standard deviation, = [ (x-mean)2 / N ]

Accordingly

= (30 – 31.5)2 + (30 – 31.5)2 + (32 – 31.5)2 + (34 – 31.5)2 / 4

= (-1.5)2 + (-1.5)2 + (0.5)2 + (2.5)2 / 4

= 2.25 + 2.25 + 0.25 + 6.25 / 4

= 2.75

Standard deviation, = Square root of 2.75 = 1.65

Estimated standard deviation of the modified data set = 1.65

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