shorts answers basic bio, I will rate you 1-What is a brush border? Where would
ID: 87825 • Letter: S
Question
shorts answers basic bio, I will rate you
1-What is a brush border? Where would you expect to see a brush border in the body? What is a brush border enzyme?
2-How are intermediate filaments involved in cell-cell attachment?
4-What are the two main types of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs)? If a cell makes a protein near the nuclear membrane and needs to transport this protein towards the plasma membrane, which of these two MAPs would mediate this transport?
5-Taxol is a long-standing treatment for cancer. How does it work? What are its drawbacks? What would be a better way to treat cancer?
6-Cigarette smoking can decrease the motility of cilia in the respiratory tract. What complications could this cause?
6. What’s the difference in resolution between your eye and a typical laboratory compound light microscope? Between a light microscope and a TEM?
7. Light micrographs are obtained by directing photons through a specimen. In general, how are TEMs and SEMs obtained? What’s the fundamental difference in the images obtained from these two different types of microscopes?
8. In terms of quantity, 98% of a plasma membrane is lipid (most of which are phospholipids) and 2% is protein. However, 50% of the weight of a plasma membrane is lipid and 50% is protein. What does this latter fact say about proteins in the membrane?
9. How does cholesterol in the membrane affect membrane fluidity? If cholesterol is so important in maintaining the integrity of membranes, why is it often seen as bad for you?
10. What is the difference between and integral membrane protein and a peripheral membrane protein? How does a carrier protein differ from a channel protein? What are the 3 different ways in which channels are gated in the human body?
11. What literally are ABO blood group antigens? How does A differ from B, AB and O?
Explanation / Answer
1.
A brush border is a simple cuboidal epithelium and columnar epithelium cells that covered the microvilli. It is found in certain locations of the body such as the small intestine tract, kidney and large intestine.
A brush border enzyme is digestive enzyme which are located in the membranes of the microvilli on intestinal epithelial cells.
2.
The main function of intermediate filaments is to develop cell cohesion and prevent the acute fracture of epithelial cell sheets under tension which is made possible by extensive interactions between the constituent protofilaments of an intermediate filament that increase its resistance to compression, twisting, stretching and bending forces.
3.
MAPs divided into two type: Type I including MAP1 proteins and type II including MAP2, MAP4 and tau proteins.
MAP1 are found in the axons and dendrites of nerve cells.
Type II MAPs are found in nerve cells in mammals.
5.
Taxol is a microtubule stabilising agent which damages the cancer cells by inhibiting the cell cycle and leading to apoptosis or cell death. It disrupts the spindle microtubule dynamics within the cell that check the proper alignment of chromosome pairs before segregate into two daughter cells. If anything disrupt this process that ultimately causes cell death.
Drawbacks-
Many times the taxol do little or no damage to cancer cells.
It decreases blood cells which leads to an infection or other diseases.
After use this, hair loss is observed.
It also result in nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.
The better way to treat cancer is to treat cancer cells through genome sequencing and molecular imaging and then adapt a precision treatment plan within 24 hours.
11.
Blood group antigens are which attached to proteins or lipids.
Blood type A makes antibodies against type B antigens.
Blood type B makes antibodies against type A antigens.
Blood type AB don’t make antibodies against type A or type B surface antigens and receive blood from a donor with any blood type and it is a universal recipient.
Blood type O makes antibodies against both type A and type B antigens and can donate blood to anybody. Thus, type O is a universal donor.
Type A blood –anti B in plasma cells
Type B blood- anti A in plasma cells
Type AB- no antibodies in plasma cells
Type O- anti A and anti B in plasma cells.
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