Periodicity relates to trends in the properties of the elements and their positi

Question

Periodicity relates to trends in the properties of the elements and their position in the periodic table. Shown below are the radii of the 3d series in picometres for atoms and M ions 175 160 145 130 161 145 133 125 128 124 125 12 Atomic Radii Ionic Radii Low Spin 100 E-lonic Radii High Spin 86 84 80 85 75 73 74 69 70 73 68 61 65 Sc Ti VCr Mn FeCo Ni Cu Z a) Explain the reason for the apparent anomaly observed at manganese, where the atomic radius is larger than those observed for chromium and iron b) Explain why ionic radii are smaller than atomic radii c) Explain why the ionic radii of low spin complexes are smaller than high spin complexes for chromium (Cr) through to cobalt (Co)

Explanation / Answer

a) in the Mn the electron enter to outer most s orbital so the s orbital electrons are shielded more in the result the atomic radius increases whereas in Cr and Fe the electron enter to inner d-orbital which are shielded by nuclearcharge.

b) In the ions nuclearcharge atraction on outer most electrons is more due to less electrons when compare to atoms so the radius is small.

c) In low spin complexes the electrons are pairup so the shielding of outer most electrons are less in result the nuclearcharge attraction is more there by the low spin complexes radi is less when compare to high spin complexes.

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