use Glucose when purified. For example, glycomacropeppa phenylalanine, and is th
ID: 875121 • Letter: U
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use Glucose
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Laboratory scale production of glucose syrup by the enzymatic hydrolysis of starch made from maize, millet and sorghum - Biokemistri, Vol. 23, No. 1, March 31, 2011, pages 1 - 8
Materials and Methods: Maize (yellow), Millet (SOSAT-C88) and Sorghum (chakalari white) was obtained from the Lake Chad Research Institute, Maiduguri. Borno state, Nigeria.
Extraction of Starch from Maize, Millet and Sorghum Extraction and quantitative determination of maize, millet and sorghum starch was done as described by White et al., (1990) modified by Krieger et al., (1997). Five (5g) each of the cleaned yellow maize, millet and sorghum grains were steeped in 30mL of 1% sodium metabisulfite solution at ambient temperature for 24h, 48h and 72h. This was followed by manual removal of the pericarp and germ. Each of the separated endosperm was placed in a 50mL centrifuge tube with 10mL distilled water and homogenized using a vortex type tissue homogenizer (Ultra Turrax, 170W, 20000 rpm) at 5000 x g for 2 minutes. The homogenized slurry was filtered using a muslin cloth with several washes until the wash water became clear with a total volume of 500mL. The starch slurry was allowed to sediment and the supernatant drained. Each of the three starches was rinsed with 250mL of distilled water, drained twice and the sediment air dried.
Processing: The industrial processing of starch to glucose, maltose and dextrin involves gelatinization, liquefaction and saccharification processes (Hall, 2001) using amylolytic enzymes from microbial and plant sources (Robyt and Ackerman, 1955). Carbohydrate based agricultural products like starch tubers and cereal occur abundantly in most developing countries of the tropics (Okolo et al., 1995 and Anthony, 1996). Cereal grains such as maize, millet and sorghum are important staple foods found in the diet of the people within the Northeastern Nigeria. These cereals are widely cultivated within the subregion, and to a larger extent, the country with an aggregate annual production of 23.9 million tonnes in year 2003 (FAO Reviews, 2006). However, despite their importance, a large proportion of these cereals are lost yearly due to non-availability of appropriate technology and industry to harness these into various useful products such as glucose syrup, maltose syrup, high fructose corn syrup and maltodextrins.
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