The MAIN brain region mediating the suppressive respiratory effect of opiates an

Question

The MAIN brain region mediating the suppressive respiratory effect of opiates and other CNS depressants is: a. Periaqueductal gray b. Amygdala & Hippocampus c. Ventral Tegmental Area d. Brain Stem The MAIN brain region(s) mediating the emotional component of pain that opiates act upon is: a. Periaqueductal gray b. Amygdala & Hippocampus c. Ventral Tegmental Area d. Brain Stem In general, it is thought that opiates cause the greatest disruption in functioning: a. in chronic abusers who have developed considerable tolerance b. during withdrawal c. during acute administration in a new user d. B&C;

Explanation / Answer

9. Answer is C- Ventral tegmental area. The GABAA receptors are located on GABA neurons in ventral tegmental area. Their signaling properties play crucial role in opiate motivation via dopamine dependent/ independent mecAnswer is hanism.

10. Answer is D- Brain stem. The suppression of breathing is a well-known and potentially serious side effect because of administration of opoid and other CNS depressants. The fundamental drive to respiration is generated in the brainstem. The pre-Bötzinger complex is a small area in the ventrolateral medulla that can generate a 'respiratory' rhythm, and is active during inspiration but administration of opioids inhibit it.

11. Answer is b- Amygdala and hippocampus. The amygdala is a forebrain region, which is known as a modulator of pain sensation. and has high concentrations of opioid receptors. Opioids administration elicits powerful suppression noceiceptive behaviors i.e. detecting the pain.

12. Answer is b- during withdrawal. Withdrawal of opioids is one of very important factor driving opioid dependence and addictive behavior. Opioids withdrawal may lead to development of opioids tolerance and drug dependence..

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