1. In comparing hydrochloric acid (pH 1) and sodium hydroxide (pH 13), is one mo
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Question
1. In comparing hydrochloric acid (pH 1) and sodium hydroxide (pH 13), is one more dangerous than the other? Why or why not?
2. Explain the concept of protein denaturation. List three ways that proteins can be denatured.
All reactions in the body are done by special proteins called enzymes. Protein function is dependent on appropriate pH levels in the body.
Use this information to answer the questions that follow.
Table 1: Record your data on the number of product molecules formed per minute obtained from the virtual lab.
# Product Molecules/minute at:
3. At what pH level did the maximum reaction rate occur?
4. What pH level had the worst performance?
5. Why was there no increase in the reaction rate with 8.0 g. of substrate as compared to 4.0 g. of substrate? What would you need to add to see an increase in the reaction rate with 8.0 g. of substrate?
6. Consider only the experiment you conducted with 0.5 g. of lactose. What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?
7. Enzymes function most efficiently at the temperature of a typical cell, which is 37 degrees Celsius. What happens to enzyme function when the temperature rises? What happens to enzyme function when the temperature drops? Explain why.
8. People with lactose intolerance are able to take products such as Lactaid that contain the lactase enzyme with their meals. These products can be taken in pill form. Considering the fact that the pill form of the enzyme would have to travel through the person's stomach to arrive in the intestines where it will do its job, what special consideration would the producer of this product need to be concerned about to ensure the product will be effective?
9. Mr. Smith loves ice cream but he stopped eating it years ago due to lactose intolerance. When his friend Bob told him about lactaid he was so excited to try it that he went out right away and purchased a box of lactaid and a gallon of ice cream. The next day Mr. Smith called Bob and told him that lactaid doesn’t work because he took one pill before he ate the gallon of ice cream and he still ended up with all the symptoms of lactose intolerance. Considering what you’ve learned about enzyme function in this lab, what should Mr. Smith have done to prevent the symptoms of lactose intolerance?
Amount of Substrate (Lactose) ph3 ph5 ph7 ph9 ph11 5.0 g. 19 39 72 45 24 1.0g. 39 81 145 91 49 2.0g. 82 168 300 189 103 4.0g. 96 198 350 223 121 8.0g. 96 198 350 223 121Explanation / Answer
1) Both hydrochloric acid with pH 1 and sodium hydroxide with pH 13 are dangerous to humans. The phsiological pH is 7.4. But, sodium hydroxide is more dangerous than hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid is corrosive on skin and gives of fumes of HCl which can be a hazard for breathing. HCl is rapidly neutralised to its salt. Sodium hydroxide has both corrosive and mechanical action. It acts on the organic elements and penetrates deeper into the skin and muscles resulting in protein denaturation and charring. Further, sodium hydroxide is is not neutralised by the body. Therefore, sodium hydroxide is more dangerous than hydrochloric acid.
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