Receipt of extracellular signals can change cell behavior quickly (e.g., seconds
ID: 86500 • Letter: R
Question
Receipt of extracellular signals can change cell behavior quickly (e.g., seconds or less) or much more slowly (e.g., in hours). What kind of molecular changes could cause quick changes in cell behaviour? What kind of molecular changes could cause slow changes in cell behavior? Explain why the response you named in A results in a quick change, whereas the response you named in B results in a slow change. Which of the following statements is false? Nucleotides and amino acids can act as extracellular signal molecules. Some signal molecules can bind directly to intracellular proteins that bind DNA and regulate gene transcription. Some signal molecules are transmembrane proteins. Dissolved gases such as nitric oxide (NO) can act as signal molecules, but because they cannot interact with proteins they must act by affecting membrane lipids. All members of the steroid hormone receptor family ________________. Are cell-surface receptors do not undergo conformational changes are found only in the cytoplasm interact with signal molecules that diffuse through the plasma membrane Given the generic signaling pathway in Figure Q16-9, write the number corresponding to the item on the line next to the descriptor below. __________ receptor protein __________ effector proteins __________ intracellular signaling proteins __________ ligandExplanation / Answer
16-6.A) Many mechaniams that results in the modification of cellular components leads to a rapid change in cellular behaviour. All changes are due to or based on the signaling pathway. These signals affects the normal protein activity and leads to change in cellular behaviour. Such changes includes salivary gland secretion, skeletal muscle contraction etc. Intracellular mechanisms such as protein phosphorylation, dephosphorylation etc are resulting in quick changes in cellular behaviour.
B) Some cellular responses or mechanisms affect the gene expression which can leads to changes in cellular behaviour, but it will be a slow process. As it need time to change the gene expression consisting of transcription, translation etc and production of new proteins, the cellular behaviour change will be slow.
16-7) The statement "dissolved gases such as nitric oxide can act as signal molecules but they cannot interact with proteins they must act by affecting membrane lipids" is False (d)
16-8) All members of the steroid hormone receptor family can interact with signal molecules that diffuse through the plasma membrane(d).
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